Thursday, August 27, 2020

Judaism Essay Example For Students

Judaism Essay The religions of Judaism, Hinduism, and Buddhism all have there own convictions. These convictions assume a major job in a people regular day to day existence, and impact parts of their way of life, for example, occasions, diet, social structure, workmanship, and music. In Judaism, they accept that the Sabbath day ought to be kept sacred, and that you ought to follow the Ten Commandments, the laws of G-d. Their eating regimens comprise of fit food, and have there own New Year, Rosh Hashanah. Hindus have confidence in Brahman and Karma, which are both a piece of the pattern of birth, demise, and resurrection. Theyre veggie lovers, and have a genuinely perplexing social structure called the position framework. Buddhists put stock in Buddhas lessons of the Four Noble Truths. These lead to there confidence in following the Eightfold Path so as to arrive at nirvana. Their specialty comprises of sculptures of the Buddha, each part having its own importance. Their music was for the sanctuar y and they had their own unique method of singing. Two fundamental convictions in the religion of Judaism are that the Sabbath is blessed, and that you ought to follow the Ten Commandments. Sabbath, or Shabbat in Hebrew methods stop or halt. It happens from nightfall on Friday until dusk on Saturday, and you are restricted from accomplishing any work, except if it seriously impacts your life or wellbeing. The fancy woman of the house lights two white candles and says a gift. An Omeg is held after Friday night or Saturday evening administrations, where theres normally rewards, melodies, and talks. It took G-d six days to make the world, and on the seventh day he rested. At the point when G-d gave the Ten Commandments to Moses, he asked that the individuals likewise lay on the seventh day of the week. The Ten Commandments are the laws of G-d given to Moses at Mount Sinai. They express that: (1) You will have no other g-ds before me, (2) I am the main g-d, (3) You will not malign the L ords name, (4) Remember the Sabbath day and keep it heavenly, (5) Honor your Father and Mother, (6) You will not kill, (7) You will not submit infidelity, (8) You will not take, (9) You will not exposed bogus observer against your neighbor, and (10) You will not want (be desirous of) your neighbor. The initial four are contracts among you and G-d, and the last six are among you and others. The Ten Commandments were composed on two stone tablets by G-d, and are in the Old Testament of the Bible. It is accepted that Moses, in anger of seeing individuals resisting G-d, tossed down and crushed them. Nobody knows where the tablets remain today. Jewish individuals eat legitimate food, and commend the occasion of Rosh Hashanah. Genuine, which means fit or legitimate is utilized to allude to food in understanding to Jewish dietary laws. The creatures must bite their cud and have cloven hooves. Fish must have particular scales and blades (no shellfish). The food must not be gotten from creatures, winged creatures, or fish restricted in Leviticus 11 or Deuteronomy 14, meat must be butchered by the strategy for shehitah, the meat must be salted and drenched to dispose of all blood, and milk won't be blended in with meat. An extraordinary method of getting ready and butchering the meat (shehitah) additionally applies. Initial, an ensured (by a rabbi) shohet says a petition over the creature. Utilizing an amazingly sharp, scratch free blade, a quick scope is made over the throat, making the creature oblivious. All blood is then depleted from the creature. Numerous Jewish individuals keep a genuine home each day and on vacations lik e Rosh Hashanah. This is the Jewish New Year, and means, leader of the year in Hebrew. It is likewise once in a while alluded to as Yom Ha-Zikkaron (the day of recognition), or Yom Teruah (the day of the sounding of the shofar). It happens on the first and second of Tishrei (Jewish schedule), and is one of the most sacred days of the year. Its commending the making of the world, and a few customs are the blowing of the shofar and plunging apples into nectar. The shofar, or rams horn, is sounded after assistance, and its notes require an otherworldly arousing. Plunging apples (or bread) into nectar is to remind us to have a sweet new year. This is a period for self-assessment, and to think back on the missteps youve made in the previous year. It is the first of ten days of contrition, and you compensate for botches that youve made, and admit sins. It closes with the occasion of Yom Kippur, the most recent day you are judged. .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .postImageUrl , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:hover , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:visited , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:active { border:0!important; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:active , .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1 fca3 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u34de8f3ee90c72bc76ab309491f1fca3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Steroids EssayIn Hinduism, they put stock in Brahman, Karma, and don't eat meat. Brahman is the Supreme Hindu G-d. All other g-ds and goddesses are parts of Brahman. Truth be told, everything on the planet is a piece of Brahman. He crushes, reproduces, keeps up and makes in samsara, which is the pattern of birth, passing, and resurrection once more. It is a Hindus fundamental objective in life to arrive at Brahman, and by following ones dharma (rules and guidelines one must follow beginning during childbirth), ones soul may in the long run be joined with him. By following your dharma, you may likewise have a decent next life and be reawakened into a higher social class. The all out terrible and great deed a human spirit conveys starting with one life then onto the next is karma. The quantity of good and awful deeds you do likewise influences your next life, regardless of whether youre human/creature, rich/poor, glad/miserable, and things you may involvement with this next life. They accept that despite the fact that your body bites the dust, your spirit is taken into another body. Hindus counts calories comprise of just vegetation, since they accept that an individual in one life could be a creature in another. In this manner, in the event that you executed a creature, it would resemble killing a human. So you would deny them of the opportunity to ever arrive at their objective throughout everyday life (arriving at Brahman). That is the reason they treat creatures and individuals as equivalents. Hindu social structure is broken into extraordinary gatherings dependent on birth (youd have a place with your folks gathering), called ranks. The positions, or varnas, were sorted out from most elevated to least in the accompanying request: ministers/Brahmans, warriors, landowners/traders/herders, hirelings/workers, and the untouchables. Each had its own arrangement of rules with respect to cooking, diet, marriage, home, dress, work, contact, and substantially more. For instance, you could just wed individuals from a similar class, and a higher Varna couldn't come into contact with an individual of a lower Varna. The most elevated station was viewed as profoundly spotless, so when they interacted with the lower, they were not, at this point thought about unadulterated. This is likewise why Brahmans/ministers must be the cooks. Every position had various occupations that were resolved during childbirth. In 1947, Gandhi dismissed the station framework, when India got autonomous. Convictions of the religion of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The four sections to the Four Noble Truths are: (1) Life is enduring (Dukka). This perceives there is continually enduring throughout everyday life, may it be maturing, demise, disorder, melancholy, or partition from friends and family. (2) Desire causes enduring (Samudaya), in light of the fact that when you pine for things, you become insatiable, and cant consistently get what you need. (3) Suffering can be finished (Nirodha), on the grounds that once you quit needing things, you quit languishing. (4) Following the Eightfold Path prompts dismissal of want/enduring (Magga), and arriving at nirvana, which is flawless harmony. The Eightfold Path says that you have right: view and thought which is the nature of intelligence (panna); discourse, activity, and job which is the nature of ethical quality (sila); and exertion, care, and focus which is the nature of reflection (samadhi). All are signific ant so as to arrive at nirvana. In craftsmanship, the Buddha is exceptionally unique, and each piece of it has an importance. His hands are consistently in one of a few positions (mudras). At the point when his hand is on his knee (bhumisparsha), he is calling early creatures to be observer

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Population growth and the degradation of the environment Essay

Populace development and the debasement of nature - Essay Example For our situation this is on the grounds that the connection between human populace development and natural life eradications isn't in every case direct. We are an animal groups with a voracious craving for assets, and we once in a while use them unreliably. Along these lines, it could be contended, what we do and how we endure might be progressively essential to our effect on different species than the straightforward impact of our incredible numbers. Accordingly we need strong proof to build up that, over the wide range of time, there is a nearby tie between the straightforward tally of individuals on the planet and the decreasing check of different species. At the end of the day, the effect of our huge populace would be incredible regardless of whether we were to carry on in an unexpected way. On the off chance that there is such a connection, at that point it is especially alarming, for there are presently more than six billion individuals on the planet. Nature has been nearly saving in the space and assets important to help both untamed life and a human populace. Malthus was the financial analyst who cautioned us in 1798 that the human populace would develop more rapidly than the assets important to support it. Presently I realize that Malthus and his thoughts have been tremendously insulted throughout the years by positive thinkers who see no issue with human populace development. In this way in 1998, the two hundredth commemoration of his distribution went nearly without notice. The next year, the achievement number of A.D. 2000 got significantly more press than another achievement number: six billion, the number the human populace came to at some point halfway as the year progressed. Without a doubt, both are discretionary numbers. In any case, to a couple of us concerned researchers, the populace achievement was unquestionably more alarming than the PC glitches anticipated for Y2K. Y2K had practically no impact; the six billion figure has an enduring and developing effect. However scarcely any individuals saw the achievement, and considerably less minded. Human populace development is exceeding assets, particularly as it identifies with the supportability of earth's biodiversity. As Ohio author and progressive Louis Bromfield put it in 1947, The unpleasant truth is that we are having our noses focused on Malthusian hypothesis. It is much more genuine today than it was at that point, for our populace Human populace development is exceeding assets, particularly as it identifies with the supportability of earth's biodiversity. As Ohio writer and progressive Louis Bromfield put it in 1947, The harsh truth is that we are having our noses focused on Malthusian hypothesis. It is considerably more genuine today than it was at that point, for our populace size has since multiplied. A significant number of the total populace live in poor nations previously stressed by food frailty; deficient sanitation, water supplies and lodging; and a failure to meet the essential needs of the ebb and flow populace. These equivalent nations are additionally among the quickest developing spots on the planet. A huge extent of these populaces are bolstered through resource horticulture. As populaces develop, rivalry for ripe land and the utilization of constrained assets increments. The individuals living in these nations are likewise pushing toward a more noteworthy way of life, maybe coordinating the ways of life of the more evolved nations whose present utilization examples and asset use are not really feasible. Simply, on the off chance that we need to monitor biodiversity on earth, the most significant preservation measure we can take is to slow or stop the development of the human populace. In all honesty, a decrease in numbers from six billion may even be attractive. Presently

Friday, August 21, 2020

Best Friend Essay Samples

Best Friend Essay SamplesWriting a friend essay or any kind of essays on your friends can be a real challenge. In fact, writing a friend essay requires some serious effort to get a good and satisfactory result. If you are looking for the best friend essay samples, read on.You can get a lot of essay samples about friends that have been written by experts. However, a lot of these essay samples are biased and include only a few friends. This means that your work will not be as professional and it will also not be that close to a perfect result.A friend essay must be from the point of view of a person's viewpoint. You should be able to discuss and address issues on your friends and what they have done for you. It is best to write about friends in such a way that it is not like a traditional essay that deals with topics such as science, philosophy, etc.When writing a 'friend essay', it is best to ensure that you use as many personal details about your friends as possible. You should be ab le to describe in detail how your friends make you laugh, how they make you feel, etc. This will help you write a friend essay which has a touch of authenticity about it. If you can capture this, then your friend essay will be well worth your efforts.Personal anecdotes are important when writing a friend essay. You should be able to use them to describe certain experiences in your life and to narrate things about your friends. Remember that each friend is unique and their personality is unlike any other friend's personality. When you can create a biography about your friends, then you will be able to write a friend essay that is perfect for submission.The best friend essay samples are often those that are based on a shared interest. In other words, you should be able to share something about your friend's interest with your essay. This is very important because it gives your essay more depth and meaning.One of the most important aspects of writing a friend essay is the use of person al pronouns. When you use personal pronouns, you will be able to add a touch of honesty to your essay. You should also avoid using the passive voice. Using the passive voice will give your essay a format similar to an essay that is about a friend who is a victim.The best friend essay samples can be found in books and online resources. However, the best resources are those that you have written yourself. The process of writing your own friend essay will help you create a powerful and impressive composition that will impress both your friends and the people who read your essay.

Monday, May 25, 2020

English Language Teaching Methods - 3829 Words

Introduction According to Definitions.net, teaching method is defined as the principles and methods of instruction. Whereas, according to Claudine Kirsch in her book ‘Teaching Foreign Languages in the Primary School’, language teaching method is a comprehensive approach that helps teachers to decide what language skill(s) to develop, what activities and resources to choose and how to plan for progression. However, teaching method often confused with teaching approach. According to Differencebetween.com, method means a process while approach is an act of coming near as in the sense of ‘a way of dealing with a person or a thing’. Generally, teaching method is about how you conduct a class and teaching approach is the way you conduct the†¦show more content†¦It is important for the teacher take fair participation during this stage since it will create familiarity and confidence with the new language for the learners. This is because, if the teacher abs olutely flunks out from the practice, the learners might do mistakes and there is no one to correct them. Hence, as the stage built the learners’ confident to speak in the language, the might tend to repeat the same mistake over again. Therefore, the teacher play important role to direct and to correct during this this stage, still. Example of activity: I would use split sentences as a controlled practice activity. I give students lots of sentence halves and in pairs they try and match the beginnings and ends of the sentences. †¦we won’t be able to play soccer. If I won the lottery,†¦ E.g. Match the first sentence with its possible half. †¦I’d travel around the world. If I am beautiful,†¦ †¦I think every boy will like me. If it rains,†¦ Source: Teaching English: Planning a Grammar Lesson by Tanya Cotter At this stage, the lesson should have been more learner-centered. Step 3: Production This final stage also known as ‘free practice’ stage. According to PPP for Dummies, this stage is seen as the culmination of the language learning process, whereby the learners have started to become independent users of the language rather than students of the language. The teacher may give the learners communication task as a role playShow MoreRelatedTeaching Methods Based On Teaching English Language Learners4053 Words   |  17 Pagesthe Winn Parish School Board the teaching method that would be the most effective for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs). I analyzed two available solutions: the scaffolding teaching method and the differentiated instruction teaching method. I evaluated both teaching methods based on the flexibility in regards to allowing students’ needs to be met, ease of implementation of each teaching strategy into the classroom, and effectiveness of how of each method helps the students learn and completeRead MoreThe Audio Lingual Method For Teaching English Language Learners1508 Words   |  7 Pages A variety of researched methods for teaching English Language Learners (ELLs) exist and most of them tend to claim communicative language use as their main goal, but this goal is not clearly evident in every method t hat claims it due in part to differences that arise from linguistic focuses versus psychological viewpoints. Of the various methods we have studied, the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM), Community Language Learning (CLL), and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) are noteworthy for the similaritiesRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language1620 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Language acquisition is an important process in every person’s life. As the world becomes more interconnected, there is increasing need for humanity to communicate with each other. According to Chang (2011), language is the avenue through which information is shared. The question of â€Å"which language† has baffled the academic community over time and across space. In the final analysis, it appears that the language that most people in the world should speak actually has political connotationsRead MoreEnglish Language Vs. Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages[Date] English Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English languageRead MoreEffective Instruction For English Learners1414 Words   |  6 PagesEffective Instruction for English Learners Calderon, Slavin and Sanchez (2011) in their article â€Å"Effective Instruction for English Learners† consider the problem of students who are non English speakers and come to live in the USA for several reasons such as immigrants. The U.S government requires every school that has more than 5 percent non-English speakers to provide these with specialized programs. The authors go to explain useful instructions for teaching students English Language. They also reviewRead MorePersonal Statement : Teaching And Nutrition Essay927 Words   |  4 Pages I am applying for the programmes relating to teaching and nutrition because I see positively my career in the education sector. I have been studying nutrition in community context and I take an interest in studying diet journals that analyse the sports nutrition. My passion for the sport nutrition and the low fat ‘methodology’ of food preparation is vital. My undergraduate course gave me a great satisfaction to learn the healthy lifestyle form a holistic perspective. I have also chosenRead MoreMy Reflection On My Ethnographic Study1153 Words   |  5 Pages For my ethnographic study I chose to interview my schoolmate about her language learning experiences which relate to her culture. The main focuses of this ethnographic study are to enhance the teaching quality and facilitate positive curriculum development through the interview. Last week I had an opportunity to interview a schoolmate of mine, a doctoral degree student who studies in TESOL program at Alliant International University. The name of my schoolmate called April and she is aRead MoreThe Use Of Technology For Teaching1374 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"The use of technology for teaching has become an integral part of successful learning and teaching languages in many parts of the world† (Abukhattala 262). Despite natural human capability to learn a native language, it is immensely difficult to obtain fluency in a second language. For this reason, countries around the world have started utilizing technology to facilitate learning. For children in Libya, English is viewed as a prerequisite to being successful in both career and personal life. TechnologyRead MoreLetter Sample Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pages I am writing to express my interest in the full-time position of ESL and TESL Teaching Assistant Professor in the Department of Lingui stics. I am currently a doctoral candidate at Ohio State University (OSU) in Columbus with a specialization in Foreign, Second, and Multilingual Language Education (within the TESOL program) and an additional interdisciplinary specialization in Educational Technology. I completed my dissertation oral defend in June and will officially graduate in this early AugustRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Theme Of Sexism In The Joy Luck Club - 779 Words

In her 1989 novel, The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan hones into the narratives of four Chinese American immigrant families living in San Francisco. The novel is structured into four distinct, anecdotal sections: two dedicated to mothers and two dedicated to daughters. Tan’s approach to structure allows the interlocking stories between mother and daughter to place emphasis on the issue of sexism. The purpose of Tan’s novel is to highlight that, even though American and Chinese societies drastically differ, there still remains a recurring theme of chauvinism. Erica Jong says, â€Å"Sexism kind of predisposes us to see mens work as more important than womens, and it is a problem, I guess, as writers, we have to change.† Through her purpose, Tan is†¦show more content†¦Lindo was arranged to marry Tyan-yu. While the marriage was short-lived, Tyan-yu constantly lied to Lindo, and Tyan-yu’s mother treated Lindo like an object to be bartered between families. L indo experiences depression being trapped in this lifestyle, so she decides to flee to America in order to escape it. When reminiscing on her marriage Lindo says, â€Å"I had no choice, now or later. That was how backward families in the country were. We were always the last to give up stupid old-fashioned customs† (Tan ). Similar to the mother in the beginning, Tan creates appeal to pathos, forcing the reader to sympathize with Lindo. The reader’s sympathy to Lindo allows Tan to expand on the larger issue of sexism, creating an emotional and educational tone in order to coax the reader into, again, understanding the true scale of sexism. Tan drilling this larger idea of sexism into readers changes the reader’s perspective. With new perspective, readers notice the need for change to establish equality between both sexes. Therefore, Tan is using her writing as a tool for a deeper subject: exciting change within the world, and thus, exemplifying Jong’s word s. The Joy Luck Club finishes with the story of Lena. Lena is the American born daughter of immigrant Ying-ying, and she is married to Harold. Unlike Lindo, her marriage was not arranged; however, her marriage fits the recurring theme of toxicity within relationships of opposing sexes. SimilarShow MoreRelatedJoy Luck Club Sexism Essay713 Words   |  3 PagesSexism and Authority in Chinese Culture In Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club the reader is able to look through the eyes of a chinese woman in the 1980’s, a time when men were seen as the superior sex when compared to females, in this age when a man gave an order to a women it was to be followed without hesitation. Characters in the book like Lena St. Clair and Lindo Jong were exposed to the idea of Sexism in their culture as they all have gone through instances where their own desires and dreams had beenRead MoreSadie Hawkins Day and Valentine Grams18321 Words   |  74 PagesBy Felicia Jin ABC^2, Make-A-Wish and Chinese clubs sold Valentine grams and treats Feb. 9-13, bringing the â€Å"sweets to sweeties† and funding for good causes. The gifts were purchased during the week and distributed to classes today. ABC^2 (Academically Better Children’s Club) held a bake sale for the first time in the Main Hall and will be donating their proceeds to the St. Jude’s Hospital. â€Å"It’s hard t o say how much money we’re trying to raise because it’s our first time, but we’re hoping for aRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesArendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue University Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul University Joy Benson, University of Wisconsin at Green Bay Lehman Benson III, University of Arizona Jacqui Bergman, Appalachian State University Anne Berthelot, University of Texas at El Paso David Bess, Shidler College of Business at the University of Hawaii Bruce

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Powerless- Analysing Mccarthyism Vs. The Salem Witch...

The Empowerment of the Powerless- Analysing McCarthyism Vs. The Salem Witch Trials During the witch trials, almost two hundred innocent people were convicted of consorting with the Devil and practicing witchcraft, and a surprising twenty people were hanged for their lack of confession. The source for this mass hysteria, was nothing more than the silent influence of eleven young girls ranging from the age of nine to twenty-five. They began to accuse their neighbors of witchcraft, gaining them the blessings of those that remained unaccused, and a position in court. Many people began to fear their neighbors. Speaking their minds or varying their opinions from others, due to the fact that they might be sentenced to hang for being innocent. A similar issue occurred during McCarthyism and the Red Scare, when Senator McCarthy began to suspect Communists in the American Government. During the Salem Witch Trials, the court systems were influenced by eleven young girls, who began to accuse people of witchcraft, similarly in the Red Scare, McCarthy was influencing the court s ystems to accuse people unfairly of Communism. The Red Scare, and the Salem Witch Trials prompted people to begin to accuse one another for being outcasts in their society or simply for their own personal gain. Both of these situations, required the court systems to unfairly look at evidence that would be considered faulty and unreliable. The Salem Witch Trials and the rise of Senator McCarthy gave power to

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Nursing - Professionalism free essay sample

This paper discusses the difficulties faced by nursing in being defined as a profession. This work analyzes the term professionalism and describes the struggle Nursing faces in try to be defined as a profession. It presents a history of Nursing from the days of Florence Nightingale and details the changes that have occurred in the field in modern day which justifies its fight for recognition. From the paper: Stopper 98) Ever since the publication of Florence Nightingale?s classic nursing textbook, Notes on Nursing in 1859, nursing has been preoccupied with its image and status, not only within the health care environment, but also within society at large. This long journey through the slow process of professionalization is not quite over, and the recent increase in the level of debate could not have been better timed, coming as it does at a time when nursing faces the important challenges involved in adjusting to the emerging new order of health care delivery. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Professionalism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Tuesday, April 7, 2020

Christopher Columbus Essay Essay Example

Christopher Columbus Essay Essay Essay on Christopher Columbus: The discovery of America In the modern day US, Christopher Columbus is celebrated as the man who discovered America. As controversial as the context of the word discovered may be used in, the first Monday of every October is the day Americans take their time to celebrate the heroics of Columbus sailing through the Atlantic Ocean to discover the new land in the October of 1492. As an experienced explorer, Columbus had been commissioned by the Spanish Monarch government to explore the rough waters and find the location of China or Japan for trade purposes. However, Columbus ended up on a series of islands that he collectively named as the East Indies, each island with a specific name dedicated to the upper ruling class of Spain. It was later discovered that they were not East Indies but rather a new land that the Spanish Empire claimed territory to. The sailing of Columbus towards the present day America explains how colonization and settlement of more European people at the territory was conceived. Therefore, in studying the explorative trip that was undertaken by Columbus to find Japan only to find the new land, one gains a better insight on the concept of colonization and how the historical injustices towards the natives began. In achieving its objective, this analysis uses both primary and secondary sources to understand the objective of Columbus and its aftermath. Columbus First Voyage to America Collectively, historical analysts point out that Columbus made four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean to the present day South and North America. Although each voyage was significant to the territory expansion of the Spanish, much emphasis is put on the success of the first one. Before Columbus came to be recognized as a great hero, Spain had just unified into one with the monarch government being headed by Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand of Aragon. The two were responsible for the age of exploration for the Spanish Empire and through their leadership; Columbus was accorded the much-needed support to make the exploration. As he wrote in the letter, it only took Columbus and his team of conquistadors to arrive at the islands that form the present-day Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican Republic. This was in the October of 1492. On the islands, there were natives who living a totally different lifestyle and lacked all significant elements that European people deemed to be significant. For instance, they neither had towns or cities nor did they have functional governments. As described by Columbus in the letter he wrote back to the King and Queen; the natives were more affectionate to the outsiders regardless of the fact that they also feared the Europeans. Their innocence portrayed them as nave, an aspect that Columbus and other warrior explorers decided to take advantage of. After close to eight months, Columbus arrived back in Spain in March 1493. As Gallagher notes, great celebrations were made in the name of the new hero, Columbus. We will write a custom essay sample on Christopher Columbus Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Christopher Columbus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Christopher Columbus Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Several historical accounts analyzed by historians do not deviate from the primary information that was handcrafted by Columbus. In the account presented by the Saylor Foundation, it is evident that the exploration trips were taken seriously by the monarch government. The conquistadors who accompanied Columbus during all the four voyages were not just mere men but trained warriors. Their versatility and ability to endure harsh environments is what made the exploration a success. In the study by Stannard, demographers estimated the total population of inhabitants in the New World, which is the present day north of Mexico to be 12 million people. All that was about to change with the arrival of Columbus and his discovery of their territory as a New World, initially East Indies. Historical significance of Christopher Columbus America, as it is today, is a place that many people aspire to visit. It is the perfect place where true happiness and good life experiences occur as per the depictions of Hollywood. Clueless to all such people is that all that glitters is not gold. Amidst the happy place that is the current America, the country possesses a gloomy past dominated by historical injustices perpetrated to the minority. All these can be traced back to one celebrated event; the discovery of America by Columbus. Although historical accounts signal that Columbus was not the first European or foreigner to step foot on what he determined as the new world, it was his arrival that acted as the onset of injustices against the natives. Upon the success of the first voyage, to which Columbus claimed Spanish territory of five islands that were already inhabited, three subsequent voyages were organized by the monarch government. The agenda of the voyages that followed upon the first success was to carry more warriors who could secure and establish the authority of the Spanish Empire on the newly claimed territories. From a historical perspective, it was the beginning of colonization. More European settlers, from other countries, also saw an opportunity to grab a New World that was deemed free for grabs. While all these was going on, it is important to note that the natives, who had inhabited the land for more than 30,000 years were still living there. Controversies associated with the whole issue emanate from the term discover. How can a land that people are already living on be discovered? In the three historical accounts that have been used to cover this paper, it is evident that the arrival of European settlers led to the demise of the native communities. Historical sources point out that almost 90% of the original native communities were wiped out during the era that European settlers were grabbing America. One of the reasons that may have led to the killing of the natives by the teams led by Columbus was their refusal to uphold Christianity. As covered by Stannard and Gallagher, the monarch government had declared to enforce Christianity while eradicating other forms of religion. As such, rebellious people were killed or exiled. The natives that Columbus arrived back with after the first voyage were all converted to Christianity. In general, the suffering of natives began from the time that Columbus claimed to have discovered a new world. In summary, it is significant to acknowledge and appreciate the success of Columbus first voyage to the New World as the conception of the present-day America. Natives still live in reservations camps on a land that was theirs in the first place. Such incidences can be traced to the voyages of Columbus quest, which was originally set to locate China or Japan for economic reasons. As a discovery that happened by mistake, Columbus success marked the beginning of European settlers in the Americas. Works Cited The Letter of Columbus in the Discovery of America. Print https://ia801404.us.archive.org/21/items/letterofcolumbus00colum/letterofcolumbus00colum.pdf Gallagher, Carole. Christopher Columbus and the Discovery of a New World. (2000): 1-30. Print http://arcofhistory.org/Honors_Western_Civ/Columbus_Trial_files/Columbus and the Discovery of the New World.pdf National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox. Letter of Christopher Columbus on his first Voyage to America, 1492. 1-5. Print https://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text1/columbusletter.pdf Stannard, David. The American Holocaust: Columbus and the Conquest of the New World. 1-16. Print http://432thedrop.com/uploads/3/3/8/9/3389030/american_holocaust_-_columbus.pdf The Saylor Foundation. European Voyages of Exploration: Christopher Columbus and the Spanish Empire. 1-7. Printhttps://www.saylor.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/HIST201-3.1.4-ChristopherColumbusandSpanishEmpire-FINAL.pdf

Monday, March 9, 2020

What sevice to our country means to me essays

What sevice to our country means to me essays Service to our country means a lot to me. The subject has a wide variety of meanings . They can range from donating a dollar to the poor, to risking your life by joining the military and going to war. It has always made me proud of our great country when people go out of their way to improve the society. If people keep donating their time and effort to our country, it will also make the United States of America have a better reputation to other countries. There are many specific deeds that people go out of their way to process. These can range from acts of kindness that are very simple to very complicated. For example, donating a can of corn to the poor would make their Thanksgiving enjoyable. That is a very simple deed for a middle class citizen to do. A more complicated deed to do, for example, would be a volunteer firefighter. That is a very big job to take on and it is a very couragous act to do. So even though some acts take more effort, they all mean something to Americans. Every little act of kindness can mean just so much to people. By being helpful, Americans can save their fellow American's lives. If we would just work together and serve our country, it could have a positive domino effect on other countries as well. This could be caused by other countries seeing how well America can work together, and want to be just like us. Then, we could be a role model country instead of having a negative impact on the world. Not only can we serve our country, but the world. In the long run serving other countries will also have a positive impact on the United States as well. This will be caused by humans getting closer and closer to world peace. This can only come true if humans stress on the fact that they are the only ones who can establish a more free world that is more peaceful. This all ties in with the fact that Americans should serve their country. You should make our country proud by serving them in helpful ways. ...

Friday, February 21, 2020

Metaphor Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Metaphor - Article Example The recent political scandal in UK is MP’s expenses. A huge upheaval regarding the misuse of allowances and exploitation of claims has been in the limelight of late, evoking questions about MP’s role in democracy. Media is the watchdog in democracy. It has already started investigating into the scandal and is attempting to make up for any flaws in the democracy. There are accusations against a significant number of MPs. What does this imply? Is politics power? Where does the money come from? The public who elect the representatives pay for them. Allowances are nothing but the taxes that the public of their constituencies pay. If an MP exploits parliamentary allowance, he/she is answerable to media as well to the public, the money exploited is theirs. MPs spending for their personal needs are neglecting their promise towards their constitution and people. Government should come down hard on the MPs who misuse their position for their personal gains. Subsidy is for the public and not for the government and the people who are part of it. Unless they live a normal life of a common man, how can they relate to the problems and needs of their society and cater to it? But MPs consider their position as money breeding opportunity and not as a responsibility to serve the public. They look upon themselves hardly as public servants but go after luxuries for themselves. MP’s expenses are not alone a scandal but a sign of the times. Can there be any additional evidence for the deterioration of democracy and exploitation of authority? Ask the MPs, how best the tax can be used? Should there be any question at all about how they use the allowances? Why not? It is after all the public’s

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Development in the Hardware and Software Industries Tapped by GIS Appl Assignment

Development in the Hardware and Software Industries Tapped by GIS Applications - Assignment Example Hardware and software industries have catered to the needs of various areas defined in the marketplace. Software that is used to integrate geographical information with people and events, help in producing knowledge useful in the industrial operations and a basis of research outcomes. Examples are the GIS software and hardware used for libraries, museums, and schools that facilitate management, demographic/market analysis, asset mapping and inventories (Educational License Options n.d.).   Specific applications include ArcGIS for Desktop, Explorer, Mapping, Server, Server Image Extension and many others. In the case of Botanical Gardens and Zoological Parks, a software was developed specifically designed as a data model for mapping facilities and plant collections. It is called ArcGIS Public Garden Data Model. The hardware developments kept up with the industry standard or what was required for efficient data capture of GIS components. The digitizing tablets allowed the operator to record coordinates and scanners which convert analog source documents into digital raster form (Jackson and Woodsword 2012). GIS has been integrated into social networking. Ushahidi, for example, is a software that is used to collect information from multiple channels such as text messages, email, and Twitter (Dumbill 2010). It has been found useful in reporting disasters such as floods and aggregating reports from citizen journalists. The trend analysis provided by GIS in a combination of social data resulted in quick and effective disaster management. It has used information from social networking as sensors of the pending disaster, enabling the authorities to respond accordingly.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

The Eisenstein And Architectural Montage Film Studies Essay

The Eisenstein And Architectural Montage Film Studies Essay From a lump of clay a vessel is made, what makes it useful is space within the vessel, for a room, we make doors and a window, but what makes a room habitable is the empty space, so while theres advantages in the tangible, it is in the intangible that theres use.  [1]   Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching, c.550 BC Tzu describes a space which is not empty but which is a gap, a gap which is waiting to be transformed by experience. These spatial gaps are inherent in fragmentation. In his book Actions of Architecture, Jonathan Hill focusses on these spatial gaps and discusses the Chora L. Works by Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman. The book is split into three sections. It doesnt start at the beginning nor does it end at the end. The first and last sections are penetrated by nine holes whilst the middle section has only conceptual holes. Hill states the intention of this was to convey that the absence of a section doesnt mean the absence of meaning. In the book, Eisenmann and Derrida declare that solid and voids are architectural representations of presence and absence. Voids have as much of a presence as solids in the book, as users can fill in missing words with their own meaning. Montage: In Actions of Architecture, Jonathan Hill discusses the use of montage in architecture. He uses Alvar Aaltos Sanatorium and Le Corbusiers 1931 rooftop apartments for Charles de Beistegui as examples of buildings where montage was used as a strategy for architectural composition. In Aaltos Sanatorium, montage is used as a strategy to join two dissimilar aspects of the building which have no connection expect for being adjacent to each other. Aalto achieved this by utilizing two distinct fragments.  [2]   In Le Corbusiers rooftop apartments, the architect departs from his traditionally rational design approach. Various surfaces of the apartment are juxtaposed with elements of the surrounding city. Important fragments of the city are isolated from the rest of the urban context below with the use of high walls surrounding the perimeter of the terrace. By doing this, Le Corbusier twinned the fireplace with the Arc de Triomphe in the far distance. The architect revealed selected views of the city with sliding walls. A periscope in the centre was the only means by which the entire city could be seen as a spectacle.  [3]   Space Between: Hill explains montage as a spatial exercise where fragments are brought from other sites to a new location while maintaining to some extent the essence of the older location. He uses film to explain this. In film, we perceive fragments through the arrangement of components. In Baldessaris artwork, the artist claims the process is as important as the final result. He juxtaposes unrelated components as he opposes the predictability and linearity of film.  [4]   Jose Quetglas suggests that Mies is concerned with the creation of visual perspective that acts as a guide to movement.  [5]  A Miesian plan is primarily concerned with compositional aspects of perspective painting than that of the anti-perspective intentions of the De Stijl. Jonathan Jones, a researcher at the Applied Visual Research Unity in Derby University found that according to his research, it is impossible to comprehend a painting in its entirety at once. A single glance is not sufficient to take in everything. Visual perception is fragmentary in nature. Our visual field is quite small so to focus on objects results in the background becoming blurred. Similarly in a film by a montage director, the world is viewed through a series of glances.  [6]   While designing the Barcelona Pavilion, Mies drew an axial line over and over from which he measured asymmetries against.  [7]  Mies orientated the Pavilion along an East West axis. Through termination of axis and spaces, movement was diverted. Mies used this technique to formulate movement sequences. Zimmerman states movement flows on the outer of planes in contrast to the delimiting floor and ceiling planes.  [8]  Mies contrasts symmetry and asymmetry and slices space with elements of the building which is characteristic of postmodernism.  [9]   In his book Neoclassicism Architecture Rowe analyses the work of Mies. He states the centre is diminished by the international style and emphasis is placed on dispersion along the axis in which Mies creates a composition of balanced symmetry.  [10]  The Pavilion is an example of decomposition of a volume which is deconstructed into individual planes. Through Mies Pavilion we see a focus on multiple viewing positions as opposed to a single perspective of the classic. The positions of internal walls are determined by the use of triangulated lines. Mies aligns corners and end points of planes using this technique.  [11]  His attention was divided between the fragmentation of the space and the integration of visual perception through this method. The image was fragmented by The Cubist Art Movement which created multiple points of view. As discussed, in Mies Pavilion we see a shift from centrality, abstractions of geometries and facades with frontal relations.  [12]  Buildings such as this cannot be experienced or understood from a static position. Cinema Montage is composition and the assembly of movement images. This comprises an image of time.  [13]  These parts succeed each other creating a parallel alternate montage. Eisenstein criticises Griffith for what he see as the juxtaposition of parts and not a unity of production. A cell, which makes its own part by division and differentiation. Eisenstein agrees with Griffiths idea of an organic composition as an assembly of movement images to the transformed situation through the transcendence of opposition.  [14]   Deleuze investigates cinema in terms of movement, the philosophical and the technical. Movement informs our understanding of the formation of worlds in terms of the types of information it selects and generates as new forms. Deleuze discusses cinema in terms of framing the movement image. In a relatively closed system; framing, type of shot and cut are the vital aspects for the films quality creating what he calls a set of values.  [15]  The speed and rhythm of the shots affects the image. Cinema Montage: Dleuze looks at four schools of montage. American, French, German and Soviet. Deleuze situates montage in the relation the movement of time. In the Deleuzian system, montage is the determination of the whole of the image, achieved through the techniques of cutting and creating continuities. Montaged images creates sets of images. Montage creates movement which in turn produces specific modes of time that are not fixed but events that are contextually reproduced over the passage of chronometric time. He regards montage as the coming together of images to create a whole whose final form is in movement. He refers to the work of Bob Dylan as an example of the long preparation for creating work. To him things are made after an encounter with other things, people but also with after encounters with movement, other ideas, events, entities. Cinema is comprised of a number of different kinds of images, Deleuze calls this image- assemblage montage. Through connections as of yet un-thought, un-named, but intuited through things already manifested in forms and the performance of those intuited spaces. Montage makes possibilities take new forms. Eisenstein: Architectural Montage. For Eisenstein, a relentless vertigo is determined from the architectural forms interacting with each other. Eisenstein intention was for architectural representations of space to explode into successive stages of montage from decomposition to recomposition as though it were an array of shots. From this, Eisenstein claimed the principles of montage are embodied by architecture. In Montage and Architecture by Eisenstein, he sets out this theory. Two paths of spatial perspectives are contrasted, where the viewer follows an imaginary line created among a series of objects. Varying positions moving in front of a spectator and the architectural, where, the viewer moves through an array of carefully positioned elements which he has viewed in order with a visual sense. Eisenstein claims that the perspective path of the Acropolis constructed by Auguste Choisy depicts composition of the site.  [16]  He asks the reader to view it with the eye of a film maker. Eisenstein claims there are carefully sequenced perspectives here. He suggests that there is a relationship between the viewers pace of movement and the rhythm of the buildings. To him, Choisy has set up a combination of a film shot effect, producing new impressions from each new emerging shot. This creates according to Eisenstein a montage effect, where effect is gained from sequential juxtaposition of these shots. In the movie street Eisenstein shows his interest of cause and effect as a notion of movement. Shots are decomposed and recomposed. Architectural composition is compared to cinematic montage by Eisenstein in an essay on two Piranesi engravings for the early and late states of the Carceri series. The flux of form which contains the potential to explode into a series of successive states Eisensteins theory of space constructions depicted new ideas of architecture as frozen music. Eisenstein compared the basis of architectural composition, massing and the establishment of rhythmic elements to that of music, painting and cinematic montages. Montage: As Frozen Music In The Culture of Fragments Gianmarco Vergani puts forward a proposition for the unification of interdisciplinary arts to create an original art form. This is an area which offers a depth of experimentation. According to the author, the merging of architecture and music can be achieved through two principles, synchronic and diachronic expression.  [17]  He terms music as a diachronic art form as it is derived from change and continuous transformations in time. Architecture on the other hand, is synchronic, it a fixed medium consisting of structure and volumetric elements. This leads to two methodologies by which to create architecture through music. First, music must be reduced to its architectonic dimensions outside of time. Music is then seen as a synchronic structure in which it can be applied to architecture. In the diachronic approach, architecture unfolds through time. Space is read sequentially in time increments and is experienced through the observers movement.  [18]  This is a reversal of positions as the observer is required to move in order to experience the architectural composition unlike the listening of music where the observer remains static whilst enveloped in music. Relationships are formed between the two elements. The author proposes that in music; tone timbre, pitch, dynamics and duration can be extracted while in architecture; texture, material, light, colour, scale. These can be transposed into architectural spaces. In music the pitch is transposed into colour, tones and timbres are transposed into textures and materials. The dynamics of a piece of music can be read as contradiction and increasing scale.  [19]   However, he does claim some limitations in this methodology. He states the art form is not truly fluid or dynamic as it can only become such through the participation of the observer. Architecture is static; representing time in this medium cannot be fully executed. The author proposes that a truly diachronic visualization of music is needed. Folding In Folding in Architecture Greg Lynn declares the importance of defining compositional complexity in architecture. Gregg seeks a progression from the collage aesthetics of Robert Venturis Complexity Contradiction in Architecture and the spatial collage of Deconstructivist Architecture. Greg terms Intricacy as a fusion of components into a continuity creating a whole in which the various elements form a larger composition.  [20]   According to the author, this intricacy is unlike compartmentalisation or hierarchy. Instead it is the variation of components. He aims for the term to move from an understanding of detail in architecture as an isolated component. What is proposed is an architectural system where there are no details in the traditional sense. Instead the detail is everywhere continuously variegated throughout the whole. As mentioned in previous chapters, the loss of structure to Greg was in favour of an infinitesimal component and displacement of a fragmentary collage.  [21]   The infinitesimal is a fragmentary approach to form. It is based on the slipping between single frames and interconnections. From a distance the form possess similarity and in a coherence of detail between varying elements that compromise the structure. According to the author, the composition of the intricate is organic, in that every component interacts and communicates simultaneously. Every instance is affected by every other instance. The outside is not a fixed limit but a moving matter animated by peristaltic movements, folds and foldings that together make up an inside: they are not something other than the outside, but precisely the inside of the outside. Deleuze Foucault p.96-97 Le Pli, the concept of the fold, is Deleuzes architectural philosophy. In which, the fold is seen as continuous multiplicity of differentiation Thus a continuous labyrinth is not a line dissolving into independent points, as flowing sand might dissolve into grains, but resembles a sheet of paper divided into infinite folds or separated into bending movements, each one determined by the consistent or conspiring surroundingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A fold is always folded within a fold, like a cavern in a cavern. The unit of matter, the smallest element of the labyrinth, is the fold, not the point which is never a part, but a simple extremity of the line.  [22]   The fold is the integration of elements that are unrelated into a continuous form. Deleuzes philosophy of the fold offers continuity and variation in the development of a form. To him the form is the conclusion and the process. The Inflection as Delezue describes is the point at which a curve begin to form as either convex or concave. Inflection is the ideal genetic element of the variable curve or fold. The essence of a fold is the temporal nature in which it develops from the inflection to its subsequent position. A memory is maintained of its previous position.  [23]   to unfold is to increase, to grow; whereas to fold is to diminish, to reduce, to withdraw into the recesses of a world.  [24]   An example of this can be viewed in Origami. The folds of which shift from enfolding, unfolding to enveloping. After the first fold, the context begins to reduce in size. The form is unpredictable, after each fold the shapes from the previous fold cease to exist. According to the author, in this instance memory can be enacted through unfolding. A variation of this is Kirigami. The continuity of the folds becomes obstructed by cuts in the fold. This demonstrates conflict and contradiction instead of smoothness and continuity. The folds in origami act as bounding agents between other folds, in Kirigami when a conflict arises, the folds deviate from their continuity and exhibit but not resolve the occurring confliction. In this way, Origami is like folding architecture seeking to realize conflict and contradiction whereas Kirigami is similar to Deconstructivist architecture, it exhibits them. According to Deleuze, multiple is not many parts. It is something that has been folded in many ways. This becomes a unity that envelopes a multiplicity.  [25]   As a by-product of the fold, form and context become surfaces with no distinct interiority or exteriority. The continuous nature of the fold implies a dialogue between time and environment. Case Studies: Montage Strategies Rem Koolhaas who had involvement in cinema as a scriptwriter conveys cinematographic image in some of his plans. In his proposal for the City Hall in The Hague, we see a transfer of the Manhattan skyline to the European City. The famous skyline which is seen so many times in film is utilized here as a movie set made into architecture. Koolhaas breaks down the overall volume into various slabs and uses a series of prisms of differing heights. From a distance, the effect appears like a series of skyscrapers compressed on a flattened image, as would be the view from the opposite side of the river in Manhattan. Since the latter decades of the 20thCentury, fragmentation has been a central issue in architecture. The many different guises of architecture today from postmodern, Deconstructivist and to all subsequent trends are based on fragmentation. A transcript of Rem Koolhaas and Sarah Whilings conversation is quite revealing in this aspect. as an entire object from the exterior of a building. That is what seems to unite the biggest project competitions from 1989 (Zeebrugge, ZKM and Bibliotheque). In some of the projects, the architectural language is quite unstable. The facades and the angles of Porto Case de Musica and Seattle are odd structures which no longer possess a unified identity. For the most parts these projects appear more decon now than they did as part of the 1988 Deconstructivist Exhibition.  [26]   For Koolhaas, the characteristic of Deconstructivism was not in the strange forms, but in the fragmentation. According to Koolhaas, each new building insisted on assembly and integration, the construction of a new whole, which may be unstable but which remains a single entity.  [27]  An example of this are the Seattle and Porto projects which have forms that cannot be recognized as regular geometric shapes but they have in their volume a unity of materials on the outside. In terms of metropolitan scale, Koolhaas has said, A city can obtain a coherence in its planned composition through a system of fragments.  [28]   This is evident in his large scale urban projects where he strives to achieve coherence. According to Koolhaas when a building gets beyond a certain size, it becomes a big building. The volume can no longer be articulated by one architectural gesture nor a combination of gestures. It is this which initiates the autonomy of its elements. This is not fragmentation as the elements remain committed to the overall building. To establish links between independent elements, Koolhaas relies on the programmatic hybridizations, frictions, overlaps, proximities and the superimpositions that are possible in a building of large scale. Montage itself was founded to organize relationships between independent elements. As Maholy-Nagy stated in 1929. The technique of montage is present as efficient in many fields of design. It can be found in methodology, in text, writings and in painting through collage.  [29]   In Soviet avant-garde cinema, Lev Kuleshovs idea of montage can be viewed as an analysis, a dissecting into parts, with the aim of reintegration or as he stated, Montage is a two way operation Montage is the basis of cinema. It enables us to fragment and to reconstruct and finally to remake the material.  [30]   Dualities: Koolhaas utilizes these methods of montage in the urban planning and architectural projects his office undertake. A dualism is present in his use of montage. A decomposition and a reintegration. For example, in Lille Congrexpo, there are three independent sections. The zenith, the conference and the expo which are all juxtaposed without any articulation as though the three sections had been cut from one complete form. The CCTV HQ project in Beijing can be viewed as a single skyscraper which has been divided up into six parts which contain functionally different divisions. In these examples the concept was to concentrate all the activity and program into a single system. The Hyper Building in Bangkok is an assemblage of a series of pieces that maintain their independence in the final building. This is both sculptural and architectural. The building was designed by Koolhaas as a veritable city that groups a vast array of programs together giving the essence of a hybrid building on an urban scale. According to Koolhaas, several buildings fuse together into a larger singular whole which brings together the coexistence of real space and cyberspace, of electronics and real facilities. To him the montage consists of material bodies and immaterial flows. Montage as a collision: Urban Complexity Koolhaas compares the work of an architect with the cinematic montage. Im certain the work of a screenwriter and the processes of an architect are methods based on editing, in creating programmatic, cinematographic or spatial sequence  [31]   The complexity of urban life such as infrastructural congestion is the central themes to many of Koolhaas projects. He highlights these elements through the collision of contrasting elements. As with Eisenstein  [32]  , this collision sometimes occurs at several scales in Koolhaas projects, from the urban scale down to the encounter between materials. The Kunsthal in Rotterdam is an example of this issue. The concept was a square with two routes crossing it. The collision between these routes gives rise to the project. These two infrastructures also cross over other collisions, crossing between ramps and staggered planes, and between these and the horizontal planes. A similar instance can be found in The Euraille project. A tower was placed over the TGV station, this solution was the symbol of infrastructural and programmatic congestion that characterized the architectural operation. Similarly with Eisensteins films, through collisions, the visual and mental conflict involved in this montage is what expresses the concept. In The Hague, a service tunnel comprising of a subway with a station at either end and two car parks with pedestrian entrances, was not designed by Koolhaas to resemble a tree like system. Instead it is a hybrid project, building and infrastructure. The different program elements interpenetrate spatially and form an assemblage in which the flow and the visuals are participants an altering but not segregated perception. The strategy utilized here is that of the montage in which collisions between constituent environments and elements give rise to a richer and clearer spatial experience. The Villa Savoye marked a high point in Le Corbusiers promenade architecturale As a critic explains The movement, in one sense, is more virtual than real, to progress through the building you must engage your imagination  [33]  and if entertainment is associated with the displacement of the viewer, then the house becomes the source of that entertainment. It does this by choreography; there is no fixed image but a series of overlapping images. This architectural effect is clearly associated with cinema  [34]   Sequences There are three relations in an architectural sequence. The first deals with the working method. Secondly, external relations where spaces are juxtaposed and thirdly the program. The mode by which architects traditionally draw implies a transformational sequence. Layers of transparent paper are placed on top of each other. Each has a variation around a theme. An open system of sequencing sees transformation through the addition of new elements which are juxtaposed according to criteria such as narrative or programmatic. However, not all architectural sequences are linear and comprised of spatial additions. Fragmented montages produce structure where meaning is found through order of experience rather than the order of the composition. Mies Pavilion as discussed in previous chapters is an example of this fragmentation of space. Its sequence is organised around a thematic structure and variations.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Japan - Breif History from WWII :: Japanese Japan History

Japan - Breif History from WWII INTRODUTION: Without a good history, no nation can ever be considered developed. It is the history that makes or breaks a country. Japans history is very unique. During and after WWII their country was in ruins - literally. All their previous allies had deserted them, they were alone and destroyed by the Americans, an unlikely ally. I will focus on the impacts that America had on Japan, and then how Japan got themselves to the title of "The Second Most Developed Country". WWII: In 1941 Japan station troops in Indo-China (Vietnam) after forming an alliance with Germany and Italy. The Americans did not approve of this, and cut off exports to Japan. Japan was not happy about this and attacked Pearl Harbor. Meanwhile Japan were also attacking Southern Asia, and expanded their land to the Great East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. The US declared war on Japan and were burning for revenge. In the coming years Japan was bombed heavily and were pushed back into their origonal land. Japans cities were being torn down. Then came the final blow, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, one in Hiroshima, the other in Nagasaki. Both of them combined killed an estimated 105,000 people. Japan finally surrendered. AFTERMATH: The Americans called "The Occupation" invaded Japan and made them give back all the land not owned by them before the war. Then, led by General Douglas MacArthur, they helped Japan do many things; write a new constitution that was fairer to everyone, Create a better trade union. Reform the educational system so it was no longer bias to nationalism. Finally they helped to rebuild industry and commerce. This was the most helpful to Japan because the US government gave the Japanese government thousands of millions of dollars. America rebuilt factories and industries with the latest levels of technology, better than their own pre-war factories. They gave them advice and encouragement. Between 1945 and 1950 MacArthur and the Occupation did what they could to rebuild the Japanese economy. It was as if the Americans felt sorry for the Japanese. Then in June 1950, as if on cue, the Korean war broke out and the UN needed goods and services from Japan.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Oedipul Complex In Sons And Lovers

Sigmund Freud introduced two theories, one is Oedipus complex and other is Electra complex. Sigmund Freud's theory, the Oedipus complex takes its name from the Greek play Oedipus Rex. In the play Oedipus is prophesied to murder his father, marry his mother and have sex with her and he does this unwittingly. The strong attraction of a child to the parent of the opposite sex and envy or jealous feelings toward the parent of the same sex that may be a source of adult personality disorder when unresolved. This attraction in a boy for mother is called Oedipus complex and The female version is called the Electra complex.D. H Lawrence was well aware of Freud's theory. In Sons and Lovers, D. H Lawrence uses the Oedipus complex as its base for exploring Paul's relationship with his mother. Paul is too much attracted to his mother and their love often borders on romantic desire. D. H Lawrence writes many times in the novel about their relation and they go beyond the bounds of conventional moth er son love. Paul hates his father and often fantasizes about his death and loves her mother and in this way he completes the Oedipus equation in the novel. D. H.Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers is the most reliable and remarkable example of Freud’s Oedipus complex in modern literature. Hu Junjie, a Freudian psychologist writes that Lawrence is one of the most original, realist and controversial English writers of the modern literature and twentieth century. The main theme of his writing was relationship between man and woman. His work Lady Chatterley’s Lover was rejected by his contemporary English society and it was based on theme if pornographic nature. However, in D. H Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers Oedipus complex is the dominant theme.The complex here chiefly moves around protagonist Paul and his mother’s dealings or relation. The Oedipus complex begins to appear in William and Paul is examplified in the relationship between their parents. The boys wit ness an unsuccessful & abusive marriage in which Walter Morel often comes home drunk after wasting the family’s income on gambling. He does not like meals in the presence of family. He abuses his Mrs. Boys notice all this and they begin to hate their father and be sympathetic and protective towards their mother. The children see their mother good and pure.She keeps her sons all to herself and sheltered from their father. In this way Gertrude Morel is unconsciously molding her sons into her desires, so with the passage of time they can take the place of her husband. No doubt their marriage was their own choice but now she is clearly unhappy in her marriage and now she tries to live vicariously through her sons. This is the basic motivation that allows the oedipal attachment to form in the two boys. William is the oldest and the mother’s favorite son. He does everything for her mother’s pleasure. He buys two egg cups from the fair for his mother.Sibling rivalry ex ists in the two brothers, William and Paul, as they compete for their mother’s love. Mrs. Morel does not like his female companions and becomes jealous and he finally moves to London. William’s this action of moving to London was his unconscious way of trying to break free from the oedipal attachment to his mother. In London, Mr. William meets a beautiful girl named Lily. They become closer friends but Mr. William is not happy and he has a misogynistic attitude towards her. It is very clear that Lily does not have the good qualities he sees in his mother and it angers and frustrates him.William shows classic symptoms of dissatisfaction. When Mr. William voices his dissatisfaction with Lily and his mother asks him to reconsider marrying her. He replies, †Oh well, I’ve gone too far to break it off now†. All these conflicted moments and feelings that William is experiencing are a sign of his apparent struggle to get rid himself of the oedipal complex th en William eventually gets sick and dies. After William’s death, Paul takes his place and becomes mother’s favorite. This action compels to think a person that she may thought of him as a suitor.This is proved when she accepts a bottle of perfume from him. She said â€Å"Pretty! † in an odd tone or in a curios way, Lawrence says, â€Å"Of a woman accepting a love-token†. When Paul reaches at the age of sixteen to twenty (adulthood), it is clear the Oedipus complex has taken him over (chapter 3). His relationship with his father is deformed and he becomes jealous of him. He hates his father too much and He even asks his mother not to sleep with the father anymore. Young Paul meets Miriam Leivers, he likes her and he is repeating the same misogynistic behavior like his brother William did with Lily.He thinks that he would be betraying his mother by loving her. But the idea that Paul is interested in someone other than his mother shows an attempt to break th e oedipal complex he has. But the mother foils this attempt by making him feel guilty for wanting to be with miss Miriam. She says, â€Å"I cannot bear it, I could let another woman, but not her. She’d leave me no room, not a bit of room. And I’ve never you know Paul, I’ve never had a husband, not really. † The mother exhibited the same behavior with William by being jealous of his female companions and is now being imposed on Paul.Gertrude Morel reinforces the Oedipus complex within Paul by suffocating him and in a elusive way asking him to replace her husband. Paul and Mariam’s relation now reduced to friendship. Paul has to repress his romantic feelings that he might have for her, so she will not replace his mother’s place. Later in the novel we come across that Paul does become physically intimate with Miriam but it is short-lived because Paul will not marry her. It also shows that Paul suffers from a fear of closeness and affair as he c ontinues to remain emotionally detached from Miriam.Paul, once again gives in to the oedipal attachment for his mother. Paul does have an affair with a married but separated woman named of Clara Dawes. In relation to Clara Paul allows himself to have this relationship because he is well aware that realistically this relationship can never go anywhere. Clara would never be divorced her husband. That’s why Clara is not a threat to Paul’s oedipal complex to his mother. There is no threat of her taking his mother’s place. Gertrude morel now becomes ill, she feels pain and Paul gives her morphine.But in the end he intentionally overdoses of morphine to her, which leads to her death and reduced her sufferings. This is a case of euthanasia, this action of killing his mother was a conscious way to reduce her sufferings but unconsciously he releases himself Oedipus complex once and for all. Paul, after her mother’s death, is devastated and alone. Much time has pas sed and Miriam still wants to be with Paul but he refuses. It means that even after his mother’s death he is still not free from his attachment to her mother because he chooses to be alone. Theunpleasant relationship with his mother is still present in Paul’s life. Conclusion: No doubt in the history of psychology a large number of thinkers are influenced by Freud’s view of sexuality. to some extend Some of his followers seem to create their work behind the establishment of Freudian sex theories. But these theories have been losing their appeal along with modernization of psychology. Joseph Jastrow a follower of Freud says that Freud’s Oedipus complex is an indecent and inadequate concept. It’s impossible to find any origin or root of this claim.After constant study we are able merely to know that it is nothing but a consequence of Freud’s imaginative psychoanalysis based on his personal supposition that lacks evidence. But we cannot put it aside that it is a biographical novel. D. H Lawrence loves her mother but not his father. If we come to the conclusion of Paul’s case, we find that his Oedipus complex and its causes are already clear to us. Paul grows in a bitter environment and he has not become a normal adult by getting over some problems. That is not only because of his mother’s abnormal maternity.There are many other reason; some problems with the parents, some with himself, some with his brothers, even some from the society and the mechanical civilization, all these lead to the family tragedy and distortion of personality and devastate people’s healthy development on spirits. Now we can realize and recognize that Paul’ relation with mother is the outcome of many unusual and abnormal causes which are partial, exceptional and individual rather than universal. We can say that it is not usual or natural for the people living in a healthy family and environment to have such anomalous and complex emotional problems.

Friday, January 3, 2020

Johannes Brahms Essays - 1760 Words

Johannes Brahms was a German Composer, Pianist and conductor of the 19th century or the Romantic period. He was one of the 3 B?s or the Big three: Bach, Beethoven and Brahms. Johannes was a very self-critic man he burned many of his pieces before he could get anyone?s opinion on them and he burned all of his compositions that he wrote before the age of 19. Johannes Brahms was born on Tuesday 7th may 1833, in the city of Hamburg the birthplace also of Mendelssohn. Johann Brahms was himself a musician, and played the double bass for a time at the Karl Schultze Theatre, and later in the Stadttheater orchestra. In 1847 Johannes attended a good Burgerschule (citizens? school), and in 1848 a better, that of one Hoffmann. When he was eight†¦show more content†¦When Johannes was in his tenth year he had made such remarkable progress that Cossel thought it best to secure a more advanced instructor. He was thus put under the care of Eduard Marxsen (Cossel?s own teacher), the royal music director at Altona, who took him unwillingly at first, but with whom he remained for a number of years. When he was eleven years of age Johannes made his first appearance as a pianist [at a private subscription concert in which his father also took part, given with the idea of collecting funds for his future education. He played the piano parts in a Mozart Quartet and in Beethoven?s Quintet for wind instruments and piano, with such success that a speculative impresario wished to engage him for a concert tour that was to take him as far as America. About the age of twelve he came entirely under the tuition of Marxsen, who, finding him incorrigible in his desire to improve compositions at the piano, soon began to teach him theory. 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