marx and carnegie - 1126 Words

My Ma English 1A Prof. James Click 2-19-2014 The Problem of Rich and Poor For centuries, many philosophers have discussed the issue of class struggle. Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie both developed theories of the unequal distribution of wealth a long time ago; however the only Carnegie’s ideology could apply to American society today. In â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†, Marx first introduces the two main social classes: bourgeois (the upper class) and proletarians (the lower class or working class). He points out the revolution of industrialism has made changes of Capitalism to Communism. He suggests that the rich should redistribute property evenly because the proletarians have put a lot effort contributing in the†¦show more content†¦He illustrates, â€Å"Of every thousand dollars spent in so-called charity to-day, it is probable that $950 is unwisely spent; so spent, indeed, as to produce the very evils which it proposes to mitigate or cure† (494). In the Communism and Individualism, Marx and Carnegie passionately contrast against each other’s ideologies. In Marx’s perspective, the wealthy doesn’t seem to consider the effort of laborers so there is an inequality gap between two social classes. However, Carnegie strongly refuses Communism because he believes Communism only work on theory but not in reality. He asserts that through Communism, people expect to be treated the same, so it maybe lead them to do nothing better for their lives and society. On the other hand, Carnegie explains the concept of Individualism can promote independence and enhance good communication between two separate social groups. He adds, â€Å"Not evil, but good, has come to the race from the accumulation of wealth by those who have the ability and energy that produce it† (488). It means people work hard individually can achieve good education and as well to have a better chance to develop their standard lives. Nevertheless, Marx is also against Carnegie’s perspective. Marx proved that Communism promoted equality among individuals, creating a mutual agreement in regards to moral standards.Show MoreRelatedKarl Marx, Adam Smith, And Andrew Carnegie1350 Words   |  6 PagesWeber Section #62 20th Cent. World History Fall 2015 Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie The writings of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie all made significant impacts in society not only in their time, but continuing to this day. Marx shared is opinions on capitalism and his views of the progression of human society in his writing, The Communist Manifesto which he wrote with Friedrich Engles and published in 1848. Marx believed in the idea of a society with no capitalism and theRead MoreKarl Marx and Andrew Carnegie Compare and Contrast1025 Words   |  5 PagesExpository Essay #2 Compare and Contrast Essay: During the nineteenth century, Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie had definite opinions about the affects of industrialization on society. A greater understanding of their views on history and humanity can be gained by comparing and contrasting two written artifacts: The Communist Manifesto and â€Å"Wealth.† In 1848, Marx, a German philosopher, wrote a supposedly scientific account of his perspective on history entitled The Communist Manifesto. As a materialistRead MoreThe Writings Of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, And Andrew Carnegie1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe writings of Karl Marx, Adam Smith, and Andrew Carnegie all made significant impacts in society not only in their time, but continuing to this day. Marx shared is opinions on capitalism and his views of the progression of human society in his writing, The Communist Manifesto which he wrote with Friedrich Engles and published in 1848. Marx believed in the idea of a society with no capitalism and the abolition of the bourgeoisie. Adam Smith wrote a book called The Wealth of Nations which was publishedRead MoreWealth By Andrew Carnegie And The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesAndrew Carnegie and â€Å"The Communist Manifesto† by Karl Marx, both Carnegie and Marx expose their thoughts behind inequalit y and its traits. They both focus and touch upon the poor (proletarians) and the rich (bourgeoisie). They bring up the pros and cons about inequality, capitalism, and communism. Inequality was in Carnegie s view. In his opinion progress required the processes of competition. Making capitalism an engine of progress. Carnegie believed that there is good to inequality while Marx begsRead MoreEvaluating Wealth and Poverty: Marxs Communist Manifesto and Carnegies The Gospel of Wealth1391 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluating Wealth and Poverty: Marx and Carnegie Criticism of the economy can differ dramatically. Many might have very polar opposite ideas as to what needs to be done in order to better provide for a societys economic well-being. This is definitely the case between Karl Marx and Andrew Carnegie. Despite some basic similarities regarding the need for economic change, Marxs Communist Manifesto and Carnegies The Gospel of Wealth prove incredibly different in how they claim to provide realRead MoreComparison Of Karl Marx And Marx On Capitalism And Economic Inequality1458 Words   |  6 Pages Compare And Contrast What Carnegie And Marx Have To Say About Capitalism And Economic Inequality Marx and Carnegie Ideas on Capitalism and Economic Inequality. Capitalism is a social and economic system which works on the principle of individual rights whereby the mode of production and means of distribution is chiefly owned and maintained by a small number of people for profit therefore having the free market. Politically, capitalism refers to the system of democracy and freedom. On the other handRead MoreThe Distribution of Wealth892 Words   |  4 Pagesnot escape it and fall further into a life of poverty. The beliefs discussed above come from three different writers. Those writers include Andrew Carnegie, Karl Marx, and Robert B. Reich. These writers all have different opinions on how wealth should be distributed properly. Andrew Carnegie does not believe wealth is distributed properly (Carnegie 485). In fact, he has a few different ideas of how to distribute wealth. In Carnegie’s essay, â€Å"The Gospel of Wealth,† he states, â€Å"There are but threeRead MoreThe Gospel Of Wealth By Andrew Carnegie1180 Words   |  5 PagesWealth can be defined as a surplus. This surplus is distributed among a society. The distribution creates associations among the people of the society with respect to wealth. The Gospel of Wealth, written by Andrew Carnegie, describes two classes and the association of wealth between them. Adam Smith’s passage, Of the Natural Progress of Opulence, similarly, includes a reciprocal relationship of production between the town and country. Unlike the other essays, Marx’s, Communist Manifesto, debunksRead MoreEssay on Wealth and Poverty: Karl Marx1711 Words   |  7 PagesStates. The Gilded Age was the period of 1870-1910, where there was great economic g rowth in the United States. People like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were entrepreneurs who made their fortunes in this age of industrialization. Although this period brought technological advances and economic growth, it also was a period of disparity and poverty. Karl Marx, a German philosopher, saw this inequality growing between what he called the bourgeoisie and the proletariat classes. TheRead MoreWealth and Poverty: A Study on Communism and the Communist Manifesto1647 Words   |  7 Pagesits foundation is built on shifting soil. In The Communist Manifesto, Karl Marx addresses each of the popular objections people have, or had, towards communism. This essay seeks to explain whether he deals fairly with them all, and whether his arguments are, in the end, persuasive to a reader from an opposing position. Also, it shall attempt to give reasons why communism fails in accomplishing its purpose. Though Marx addresses many of the objections against communism in his The Communist Manifesto

Advantages and Disadvantages of Employee and Union...

Managers are paid to manage and they should be free to do that without interference. Critically evaluate in regards to one aspect of the Employment Relationship. Managers are paid to represent the owner with responsibilities to operate the business efficiently and to manage the employees effectively, in order to achieve the best profit and productive of the business. Since they are the agent of the owner and entitled with exclusive power – managerial prerogatives, they are playing an important role in managing all workplace assets. With appropriate uses of control and employees (Loudoun, McPhail Wilkinson 2009) can be beneficial to facilitate the business operation as well as to achieve the best outcome for the business. Although†¦show more content†¦Unions represent employees to voice up their concerns and negotiate with management for their better benefits and rights. Also, unions also help managers to communicate with employees and provide them a wide range of information services through networking and consultancy advice (McGuire, McGuire Sanderson 2013). On the other hand, many managers are inadequately trained and supp orted to manage and discharge the human resources duties (McGuire, McGuire Sanderson 2013), lead to the lack of channels and strategies to solve the employees’ difficulties and concerns. Therefore consulting with human resources specialist is in needed for managers, which can enhance and help with implement more human resources approach in the workplace. In contrast, some managers think excessive employee participation will leads to ever growing needs of employee and strict managerial prerogative (Loudoun, McPhail, Wilkinson, 2009) without negotiation is needed. Also, as well as achieving the best objectives and profit for the business, they are even sometimes maintain in a strong control of the workplace and pressure on the employees ensuring the efficient operation due to economic crisis or business loss. Managerial prerogative is derived from the manager/employer’s power onto the labour contract and the ways of operation, in order to achieve the employer’s fulfillment and reduce the business risk (PapadimitriouShow MoreRelatedEmployment Relations1389 Words   |  6 PagesHow would you characterise employee representation in the UK workplace? To what extent do you agree with the argument that the UK is ‘lightly regulated’ in this regard? Introduction This paper seeks to analyse the characteristics of employee representation in the UK and concerns about is the UK ‘lightly regulated’ in regard of the employee representation. Employee representation can be known as the right of workers to seek a union or an individual to represent them to negotiate with their organizationsRead MoreEmployee Voice And Its Links With Organizational Performance1637 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s dynamic and constantly evolving business world, employee voice is becoming increasingly important. Nita Clarke, the director of the Involvement and Participation Association (IPA), stated at the launch of the report ‘Releasing Voice for Sustainable Business Success’ in 2012, that unleashing and releasing employee voice is essential in developing economic growth. What exactly is employee voice? Employee voice does not have a formal definition and has been explained in different ways byRead MoreThe Aspects Of Conflict Within The Workplace870 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced by management in pursuing various employment relations strategies†. The framework consists of three approaches the employees can face: Avoidance, Accommodation and cooperation. All three approaches can advantage and disadvantage the organisation in different aspects. Human resources managers must strategically analysis the most suitable approach for their organisation. The cooperation approach is when employees can â€Å"pursue strategies that promote high levels of cooperation with unions throughRead MoreDefinition Of Employee s Voice Lies Through The Exit Voice Loyalty Framework Created By Hirschman1210 Words   |  5 Pageswithdraw their participation in the task and exit organization, others, with more loyalty, would raise their voice to keep companion with organization and fight for what they believe is the true and ethical which contribute to the success of an organization. This model has been use as the basis for the research of Freeman and Medoff (1984) which explain the rise of unionism in the UK in the 1980s. The authority, in those days, promoted the creation of unions as a mean to build collective employee voice inRead MoreThe Success of Participative Management Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesParticipative management is a management practice where employees are involved in making decisions that directly affect how they perform their jobs. It is a management practice that originated from Western countries but it is now globally accepted and practiced. Participative management is more like industrial democracy because workers are incorporated in the decision making process in the organization (Business Dictionary, 2014). According to Aswathappa, (2005) a number of successful companies haveRead MoreWhy Job Design Is An Effective Mechanism For Providing Employees Voice1713 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations. Besides affecting employee behavior and s atisfaction, the way a job is designed also impacts performance and thus overall well-being of the organization. Being an essential link between employees and organization, job design could possibly be an effective mechanism to provide employees voice. Employee voice is â€Å"the participation of employees in influencing organizational decision-making† (Davis, E.M, Lansbury, R.D, 1996). Employee participation consists of employee engagement and empowermentRead MoreThe Role of Labor Unions1361 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Role of Unions Based upon your research into the field do you believe the role of unions in the U.S. should increase? What role should HRM personnel play in employee relations within Organizations? What role should government play?   Contents Introduction 3 The Advantages of Labor Unions 3 The Disadvantages of Labor Unions 4 The Role of HR 5 The Role of Government 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Labor unions were a necessary result of the Civil War as a resultRead MoreEmployment Relations Assignment : The Work Of Trade Unions1481 Words   |  6 Pagesjoin a union when they get their first real job. Critically evaluate†. The work of trade unions is aimed at educating and protecting the rights of employees and their working conditions. However, decline in union membership is a growing international problem, with the reasonable assumption that workers will be more successful in their fight for decent conditions if the have a collective organisation behind them (Furaker and Bengtsson, 2013). It’s supported that when management showsRead MoreTrade Union1470 Words   |  6 Pagesyear 11s WHAT IS A TRADE UNION? Trade unions are organizations that represent people at work. They consist of workers and union leaders, united to promote and protect their interests. Trade unions exist because an individual worker has very little power to influence decisions that are made about his or her job. By joining together with other workers, there is more chance of having a voice and influence. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRADE UNIONS. * CRAFT UNION: A union representing workers whoRead MoreSouthern Engineering, Inspection And Insurance Company1423 Words   |  6 Pagestanks in industries. It is among the oldest insurance companies in America that deals with inspection of equipment and insurance for manufacturing and transport sectors. Current Environment It is found that SEIIC’s operations are in the European Union and Asian countries. SEIIC has experienced some Human resource problems such as having difficulty hiring skilled people to work for them and keeping up to date with their skills. â€Å"The organization has even tried to recruit the locals but to no success

Charles - Okay, Dale, now just... free essay sample

Charles Okay, Dale, now just where have you been?Dale I was out there in all that traffic! Those folks dont know how to drive out there! [BELCHES]Charles Well, what happened?Dale Well, I almost died about 48 times, thanks to some stupid drivers out there who dont know what theyre doing!Mark Well, it looks like you finally know what its like to be around people who cant drive.Dale Are you saying I cant drive?Mark Especially since youve had a beer.Dale I aint had no beers! Ive been sober! [BELCHES]Mark Then what explains the belch?Dale That was the spaghetti and lasagna I ate last night. Well, those losers, they dont know what theyre doing? They were driving down the road at who knows how many miles an hour! [BIG BELCH]Charles Well, I hope youve learned your lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on Charles Okay, Dale, now just or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dale I aint learned no lesson! [BELCHES] If theres any lesson Ive learned, its that you can speed. You can treat any highway like the Talladega Superspeedway and get away with it!Mark No, you cant! The cops will pull you over! Dale I aint never been pulled over by no cops!Charles You didnt?Dale No! Them stupid cops are just [BELCHES] all stupid over there in the doughnut shop eating doughnuts and drinking coffee! I guess thats why theyre all obese! Theyre busy shoving down doughnuts, drinking coffee, and letting out huge belches, while all the motorists are out there driving stupidly and destroying property! Well, Im going to go to the kitchen and get me a beer.Charles We dont have any beers here!Dale What do you mean we dont have no beers here?Charles We just dont.Dale Okay, then, Im just gonna go into the kitchen and do something. Those people out there are reckless drivers! Dont nobody need to be driving like that! Theyre just stupid! S T O O P I D.Charl es Thats not how you spell stupid. Dale What? All this time, I thought that was how you spelled stupid.Charles No! Stupid has a u!Dale What? I aint stupid!Charles Well, you spelled the word wrong. One u, no os.Dale Shut up! You dont even know whom youre talking to! You aint my grammar teacher! I can spell words anyway I wish! If I want to use double negatives in front of you, Im gonna use double negatives in front of you! Understand?Charles Why dont you just go to the kitchen?Dale Thats where I was going! [BELCHES LOUDLY]Charles And stop that belching!Dale Im afraid I cant help that! I ate spaghetti and lasagna last night, and those dishes make me belch! Well, changing the subject now. I dont ever want to drive out there with those stupid losers ever again! Those clowns just run off the road and try to kill everybody! Theyre like suicide drivers out there, going off the road and killing everybody and themselves! And another thing! [BELCHES] I dont ever want to go down a certain road. I dont ever want to go down Gray Avenue at night time! The traffic lights on that road stay on red forever, and those drivers cut through parking lots and other places, trying to see how many people and cars they can hit and kill while theyre doing so! Thats illegal! Well, can one of you give me a cerveza?Mark Whats that?Dale You idiot! Its Spanish for beer! [BELCHES]Charles So you know some Spanish?Dale Just a little bit. I also know the German word for beer. Charles Then what is it?Dale Im afraid thats confidential. I aint supposed to tell you. Well, it seems those reckless drivers out there had themselves some beers. Theyre over there driving stupidly. One person was driving 85 in a 65.Charles Well, Dale: [BELCHES] And another thing! That beach I was going to this weekend, that aint gonna happen! Its 5:00 somewhere, but I dont think its 5:00 six feet under! [BELCHES] I can wait! Now, if you dont mind, Im going to go to the truck and listen to Its Five Oclock Somewhere. Wheres that CD?Charles What?Dale You know, the CD? Its starting to get warm outside, so Im listening to songs that are perfect for warm weather. You know its always on five in Margaritaville.Charles Get out of here! Im not going to Margaritaville!Dale And thats your problem! You have no wish to go to Margaritaville and drink your worries away! [BELCHES] Now, I have to catch the next boat to Margaritaville! Its better than hanging around with you losers! Im going to be a beach bum! Im out of here! And Im watching out for those careless drivers who aint got no sense in their heads! Well, [belches] Im gone!

Introduction to plagiarism free essay sample

Introduction It is Increasingly evident and widely accepted In the literature and the popular press that academic dishonesty among students, in particular plagiarism in assessments, is at all time high and still on the rise in Australian universities (Marsden, 2003; Park, 2003; Walker, 1998). Plagiarism has received worldwide attention because the cases of plagiarism seem to Increase In the field of higher education. There have been many studies inquiring into the reasons why students plagiarise and the reasons for plagiarism that these studies have discovered are many and varied. Some of the reasons students plagiarise include inexperience (Landau, Druen, Arcuri, 2002), Immaturity (Deikhoff et al. , 1996), differences In cultural practices (Zobel Hamilton, 2002), and personality (de Bruin Rudnick, 2007). A study of students works on computer science at Edinburgh university showed that there were identical contents in ninety-one out of two hundred and fifteen pieces of work without proper citation. Then tested with further plagiarism software, there were twenty-six more plagiarism Involved (English, 1999). We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to plagiarism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The findings of the studies conducted in different countries around the world have suggested that plagiarism is a serious concern in the field of higher education (Ashworth, Bannister, Thorne, 1 997; OConnor Lovelock, 2002; seppanen, 2002; Stefani carroll, 2001 ; weeks, 2001 ; White, 1993; Whitley Keith- Spiegel, 2001 The Issue of academic integrity within higher education has received considerable attention in the literature over recent years (Carroll Appleton, 2001 ; Deckert 1999; Harris, 2001; Howard, 1995, 1993; Konch, 1983; Lathrop, 000; Martin, 1994 Myers, 1998; pennycook, 1996; scolion, 1995; Sherman, 1992). The degree of plagiarism can range from simply falling to correctly reference sources of material used in assignments to direct copying of material without acknowledgment (English, 1999). Plagiarism is clearly a form of academic misconduct. Universities generally Incorporate a component on plagiarism In the policy and procedures they use to assess students. It Is Indicated that they regarded plagiarism as an ethical issue since it allowed students to obtain marks for work that was not their own and this as unfair to other students. However, they felt that it was difficult to know exactly what constituted plagiarism as they often wrote essays after discussing their ideas with other students or taking detailed notes from reading materials. As a result, It was not easy to identify who actually owns the ideas that were expressed in their writing. Several of the interviewees stated that university regulations on plagiarism where difficult to interpret and no attempt had been made to explain what was acceptable when using the ideas of other authors. Several studies have surveyed tudents regarding academic misconduct and found that plagiarism is frequently used by students when writing assignments. Some studies have found that the amount of plagiarism taking place over time has increased. Student cheating has garnered much public attention recently. A perception reflected in media accounts Is that acts of academic dishonesty among students In college. Plagiarism Is not a new phenomenon. However, recent reports in the literature and the popular media have 1 OF2 higher education (Times Higher Educational Supplement (THES), 2005a, 2005b, 2004a, 004b, 2000; Park, 2003). Not only does plagiarism undermine academic integrity and standards, it also denied the principles of intellectual property rights. Equally too, the genuine efforts, the worth and laudable achievement of students who do not plagiarise are seriously undermined by activities of the few who plagiarise. There is little doubt that plagiarism occurs among university students (Bennett, 2005). However, understanding why plagiarism occurs is perhaps more important than the knowledge that plagiarism occurs. Developing an understanding of the causes of lagiarism can give academics and university administrators helpful guidance as to how it may be reduced. However, as Roigs 1997 study confirmed, undergraduate students by in large do not always have the skills or training necessary to understand the more common slippery slope of plagiarism involved in incorrect instances of paraphrasing (Roig, 1997). Representing a much smaller section of the literature covering plagiarism, Roigs (1997, 1999) research examines problematic areas of student understanding such as paraphrasing.

Kafkas Metamorphosis essays

Kafka's Metamorphosis essays "Gregor Samsa awoke from troubling dreams one morning to find that his life had remained conspicuously the same."" This - in context of the entire book - is the actual opening line of Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis. Gregor Samsa, the unfortunate protagonist and indirect narrator of the story has been "inexplicably" transformed into a bug. But quite truly, Gregor - his persona, and the role he plays - has remained quite the same. Franz Kafka's theme of isolation is very thick in this novel. Driven - by himself and by the needs of others - to work at a job he hates, Gregor is in fact a very lonely, remote individual. Before his "metamorphosis" Gregor's isolation was apparent mostly in his occupation and stature in society: he was appreciated by his family and mostly adored by his sister, Grete. After he finds himself turned into a bug, Gregor's isolation expands as he begins to accrue the resentment and disgust of others closer around him. This includes Grete, the sister who he so dearly loves. There are additionally some themes of materialism in Metamorphosis. Initially after the change, Gregor's family - including his mother - are close to him, in grief or even disgust. However, as time goes on and Gregor's change has a more lasting impression (financially), his family truly begins to distance themselves in search of material stability. Kafka's tone in this novel is decidedly calm. He treats Gregor with a certain amount of sympathy, and since the story is basically told from Gregor's vicinity, Kafka treats the Samsa family with increasing alienation. Gregor's father is at times violent, and Kafka treats any negative reaction to Gregor with a certain amount of cold indifference. What the reader sees mostly is the concept of hiding and seclusion It could be said that Metamorphosis moves from page to page in chronological movement, but this is not exactly true. Some of the very first introspection of t ...

Interview of Medical Information Professional Essay Example

Interview of Medical Information Professional Essay Example Interview of Medical Information Professional Paper Interview of Medical Information Professional Paper The debates in the arena of health care provision always center on the quality, availability and the sustainability of the medical provision system. There are a myriad of challenges facing both the receivers and the providers of health care In the center of all these is the state and federal government regulatory framework. To analyze these legal regulatory frameworks and th0eir correlation to health information practice it is prudent to analyze the views from health information professional. This is a comprehensive interview report carried out with a health information professional regarding the legal issues and regulatory challenges they face. The preceding report is presented in question-answer format for easy comprehension and reference. Interview of Medical Information Professional Question: To promote electronic data interchange in the health care system, a number of measure have been put into place including the HIPAA Act of 1996. what are the major contents of this act? Answer: The Health Insurance and Accountability act enacted by Congress protects workers and their families health insurance coverage in case they lose or change their jobs. Through the Administrative Simplification, usually known as AS provisions, it stipulated that national standards for electronic data interchange be established to offer a regulation in this sector. These provisions also address the privacy and security of such data. Title I of the act has specific articles that regulate health care access, the portability of health care provision and renewability. Title II has policies that ensure the prevention of health care fraud, the AS, and the medical liability reform. Several chapters ensure that there is privacy and security of data, that transactions are carried in accordance with the transactions and code rule. The regulation of the activities of the relevant health care providers are enshrined in the unique identifiers rule and the enforcement rule. All these sought to promote and provide a regulated free and safe electronic data interchange. Question: What major role does Medicare and Medicaid play in dealing with insurance coverage? Answer: The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is the principal organ controlling the countries health care insurance. Medicaid operates as a joint, voluntary entitlement program between the states and the federal government to offer health insurance coverage to the poor, disabled or the elderly impoverished members of the society. Guidelines are developed by the government prescribe minimum eligibility and coverage standards and requirements. Medicare healthy insurance program offers insurance to those over sixty five years of age. Question: What major role does Medicare and Medicaid play in dealing other   emerging challenges? Answer: CMS has both an administrative and a regulatory role. It administers health care insurance portability standards, administrative simplification standards, quality standards for nursing facilities and clinical laboratory standards. Using powers vested in the institution it therefore ensures that all health care providers work in compliance with laid down codes of conduct in clinical practice. Question: Are there other institutions that assist health care providers to ensure compliance? Answer: There are legal institutions that lead the sophisticated and sometimes very complex business transactions in health care. They also offer litigation in legal challenges for their clients. Additionally they are leaders in health care information systems and technology and health care insurance policies and plans. Because of the complex evolving rules and regulations,   through their billing and reimbursement services they assist medical providers in the development and implementation of legal strategies so that they can achieve Medicare compliance. As a health information professional these institutions form the yard stick of our operations because compliance to the stringent legal framework is the only way that an ethical practice can be achieved. Question: There is a growing concern of professional malpractice and negligence. Are these litigious claims substantive? Answer: There are cases where court cases have been won as regards professional misconduct or negligence by health information professionals. Such cases are individual isolated cases even though due to publicity and the sensitivity of such cases they have continued to draw unfathomable public furor. These cases are important starting points of carrying out full intellectual discourse and policy debates. However, malpractice litigation is a negligible variable in health care reform. There is infrequent compensation of victims of medical negligence while providers are rarely held accountable.

The Role of Cultural Development in the Early Years Foundation Stage Essay

The Role of Cultural Development in the Early Years Foundation Stage Curriculum - Essay Example Education for citizenship has been one of the major goals of education, and for a child to be developed as a responsible and socially committed citizen the curriculum at the EYFS need to be designed so carefully with far fetched visions. Such a curriculum should both be short and long term goal oriented and should have its foundations in strong cultural and moral values. There should be provisions in the EYFS curriculum to accommodate all the sorts of SMSC development, and schools and teachers need to pay special attention in bringing about desirable changes in the lives of learners through the effective implementation of the set policies and strategies with regard to EYFS education. The early education stage is the most productive formative stage in the educational life of each learner and therefore this paper analyses the EYFS curriculum of the nation with special reference to the provision for SMSC development in it. One needs to have a thorough understanding of the four underlying principles based on which the EYFS curriculum are framed. They are: â€Å"Every child is a competent learner from birth, who can be resilient, capable, confident and self-assured†, â€Å"children learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents and/or a key person†; â€Å"the environment plays a key role in supporting and extending children’s development and learning† and â€Å"children develop and learn in different ways and at different rates and all areas of learning and development are equally important and inter-connected† (The EYFS principles: a breakdown). Practitioners and teachers who serve at the early foundation stage of learners should be aware of these underlying principles and in designing class room activities and learning experiences for the children all these key aspects of EYFS need to be given priority. The professional competency and knowledge

Faculty of Business Environment and Society Assignment

Faculty of Business Environment and Society - Assignment Example In any sector, with the increasing competitiveness of the market and changing nature of customers’ demand, change has become crucial up to a larger extent (Kramar & Syed, 2012). It will also be crucial to mention that a change in any business sector is initiated with the assistance of a systematic process that is planned and executed in an efficient manner altogether. However, it is often seen that changes are welcomed in organsaitions in a collective manner, which further affects the potential effectiveness of the proposed change. There might be various reasons that develop reluctance in employees with regard to the initiation of change within the organisations (Briscoe, Schuler & Tarique, 2012). To get a conceptual understanding in this context, this particular discussion will mainly focus on analysing some recent changes in the workplace of Tesco along with comprehending the causes for their reluctance to change. The discussion will also emphasise depicting a set of recommendations to the company so that it can mitigate the resistant factors amid the employees that results in the reluctance to change. Tesco Plc is recognised as one of the leading players in the international retail sector in terms of its operational experiences as well as scale of operations worldwide. One of the major driving factors that have ensured unparalleled operational success for the company over the years is its effective approach towards dealing with the external environment (Tesco, 2014). Notably, change, as depicted above, is one of the most important aspects associated with the operations of any particular business. It is quite a stable approach in business and it rarely changes over the period. Contextually, Tesco is also aware of the constant changing nature of the external environment, which further encourages it to change its business functions accordingly

Public Budgeting Essay Example for Free

Public Budgeting Essay Public budgeting touches every sector of the economy and it thus demands clear and accurate contribution of all the parties involved which include policymakers, financial institutions and the public at large. A national budget is a document which once approved by the legislature gives the government the mandate to collect revenue, incur debts on behalf of the public and come up with means of expenditure for the country to achieve certain goals (Cargill and Garcia, 2005). A budget outlines the origin and the application of public resources and for this reason, it plays a central role in the government processes, economic, political, legal and administrative functions of a country. Budgeting is responsible for shaping the macroeconomic status of a country, reflect the political power of the actors who are involved in different stages of the budgeting process, determine which projects get funded with how much and at what level and come up with proper budgetary reforms of both the technical and political budgeting. In this case, monetary control is necessary for a country to achieve the desired level of growth and stability of its economy. It is the responsibility of central banks to conduct monetary policies for the purposes of monetary control. A monetary policy can be defined as a deliberate effort by the Central Bank to influence the economic activities of a country through variation of the money supply, limited control of the amount of credit available and the use of interest rates which are consistent with political objectives of the country. Some of the objectives achieved by the monetary policy include stabilization of the prices of goods and services, stability of exchange rates, availability of employment and maximization of the outputs as well as high rates of economic growth. Most monetary authorities employ operations in the open markets, bank rate regulation policies and credit control policies to control monetary values and achieve the above named objectives. The federal reserve Banks in U. S for instance uses credit control policies to increase or decrease the amount of money and credit present in the U.  S economy at any given financial year. If the monetary value increases, the credit control is said to be on the loose end and to control this, the interests rates for the financial institutions tend to drop, the amount of money spent by businesses and individual consumers increase and the employment opportunities also increase as well. However, if too much money is located to any one sector of the economy when budgeting, it might lead to inflation and a decline in the monetary value of the dollar might result. On the other hand, if too little money is available in the economy, levels of unemployment in the country might increase. An example of how monetary policy and credit controls are applied in public budgeting was seen back in the early 1970s where the Federal Reserve Banks in the U. S facilitated rapid credit expansion to combat unemployment in the country. However, this move led to inflation of the economy forcing the Central Bank to implement a monetary policy in 1979 to slow down the high inflation rates and regulate its public budget plan (Carrigan, 2004). From a different perspective, money can be used to estimate the amount of credit in a country. For instance, some contemporary research findings indicate that the U. S GDP in the year 2006 was around 12. 98 trillion dollars and such values are very important in the process of public budgeting to ensure that money is available to every one in the community. Apart from being affected by monetary and credit control policies, public budgeting is an inherently political process. Political governance and politics related to budgeting affect the operations and reforms of public financial budgeting systems. Several studies carried out on the Ghanaians, Mozambique and Malawian political systems show a significant gap between the formal and informal systems budgeting systems with practices such as clientelism, rent seeking and patronage which lead to dysfunctions and distortions leading to an interference with the public budgeting procedures (Donald, 2002). Many research findings have indicated that the budget making process is more of a political process than a technical one. In this case, it is not possible to separate any reforms made on a technical budget from the political environment on which they are embedded. Therefore, for any reforms on a public budget to be effective, they have to be technically viable, administratively sound and politically feasible. Power politics in budgeting are responsible for shaping the rules of the game including ownership, time schedules, sequence of reforms and a review of the governments commitment to such reforms. Budget politics offer as many challenges as the opportunities since power politics in itself is not only a mitigation of risks but is also an opportunity to seize up the economy of a country. Understanding the politics of budgets thus facilitates effective implementation of reforms and it also helps to identify and support change in the public financial management. According to the Journal of Association Budgeting and Financial Management, understanding the relationship between power politics and budgeting helps a nation to understand and appreciate the institutional factors which affect the proper functioning of budgetary reforms. In addition, good fiscal governance helps to identify factors which might trigger pro-poor changes, streamline the checks and balances and aid proper budgetary reforms. Political governance of a country affects the functioning of all the financial systems and the sustainability of the budget reforms (Cargill and Garcia, 2005). For instance, studies of the power politics in the U. S have shown that the political economic factors have a significant effect on the trajectory change as well as the credibility of its federal government commitment to budgetary reforms. These studies also suggest that the demand for better political governance and financial accountability is a major driver for budgetary reforms in the public budgeting systems. In addition, the political power of a state influences public budgeting in the redistribution of wealth and allocation of resources depending on the priorities. Public budgeting as a political process reflects a public consensus, a relative power and financial accountability of the whole process. Conclusion.  From the discussion above, it is clear that public budgeting is very important for the proper functioning of all the sectors of the economy in a country. As indicated above, most budgeting processes have shown a political inclination rather than a technical one. The political stability of a country affects its economic stability, the monetary value of its currency and the availability of credit facilities both in its local financial institutions as well as the international financial institutions. The monetary policies and the credit controls by the central banks influence the amount of money available for public budgeting. On the other hand, the political power of a state affects the implementation of budgetary reforms which are important for budgeting in any country. It can thus be concluded that, there is a very close relationship between monetary and credit controls, budgeting and power politics in the process of public budgeting.

Emily Jane Brontë :: Biography Biographies Essays

Emily Jane Brontà «      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emily Jane Brontà «'s life, though short and tragic, had an overwhelming influence on her work. Marked by violent emotional upheavals, her childhood on the Yorkshire moors provided the folk background prevalent in Wuthering Heights. She was born the fifth of six children on July 30, 1818, at Thornton, near Bradford, Yorkshire. In April, 1820, the Brontà « family, consisting of Reverend Patrick Brontà «, his wife Maria, son Branwell, and daughters Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, moved to the parsonage at Haworth. Emily never knew her mother, for Mrs. Brontà « contracted internal cancer at the age of thirty-eight and died in September of 1821, when Emily was just three years old. Patrick Brontà « never remarried. In 1824, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Emily were enrolled at the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge, located less than twenty miles from Haworth. In 1825, Maria and Elizabeth fell ill from consumption and returned to Hawort h, where they soon died. Charlotte and Emily left Cowan Bridge and returned to Haworth.      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the autumn of 1825, Tabitha Aykroyd was employed as cook and housekeeper at Haworth. Her influence on the Brontà « children, particularly on Emily, was monumental. Tabby, as she was known, was a native of Haworth and brought to the children the folklore of the Yorkshire moors:       She told of fairies that danced by the bed-sides in the moonlight, and of those who had seen them. When the peat glowed red on the kitchen hearth and shadows stretched across the stone floor, Tabby made the warm air seem alive with creatures of the fern and heather. (Simpson, 27)      Ã‚  Ã‚   The imaginations of the Brontà « children, fired by Tabby's fascinating folktales, encountered the door, in 1826, to further development when the Reverend Mr. Brontà « presented twelve wooden soldiers to Branwell. The four siblings created characters and islands around these toys and developed an oral literature that would later be transformed into poetry, constituting the well-known "Gondal" saga that Emily and Anne continued long after Branwell and Charlotte lost interest. Of special note is Emily's choice of names for her special heroes: Sir Walter Scott and the Lockharts. The literary reference seems to indicate an acquaintance with literature, an idea reinforced by Charlotte's "History of the Year 1829":         We take two and see three newspapers a week.

Lyme’s Disease

Early signs and symptoms are similar as the flu such as fever, headache, stiffness, fatigue, and Joint pain. If it's not treated, the severity worsens, â€Å"infection can spread to joints, the heart, and the nervous system (2). Medically, it is possible to treat diseases, depending on severity, in order for the patient to get well but the only flaw is finances. Companies want to make money out of every advantage that they can. According to one of my colleagues that there Is a medication that can treat cancer but it costs hundreds of thousands of dollars. Capitalism is gruesome because it is beginning to outweigh a person's health instead of balancing or allowing the person's health become more important than money.Doctors and nurses should teach the patient that diseases will be treated but not rued because diseases can pause its process but can restart the process and further It's destruction. They need to teach the patient and the patient's family on preventive ways to prevent fr om getting the disease, â€Å"Steps to prevent Lame disease include using insect repellent, removing ticks promptly, applying pesticides, and reducing tick habitat (2)†. In this generation, social media is a huge influencer that spreads word around the world. The greatest example is the ALLS ice bucket challenge.

Early Life and Introduction to Badminton Essay

Saina Nehwal was born 17 March 1990 She was born in a Jat[8] family at Hisar in Haryana and completed first few years of her schooling from Campus School. She completed her schooling at Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s Vidyashram, NIRD campus, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. Nehwal has a brown belt in Karate .She is an Indian badminton player who attained a career best ranking of 2 in December 2010 by Badminton World Federation. Her Father Harvir Singh initially worked in CCS HAU and they then had their residence in the University Campus.[9] He later shifted to Hyderabad & so Saina spent her growing years inHyderabad, India. Both her father, Dr. Harvir Singh and mother Usha Rani were former State Badminton Champions in Haryana, so she got the game of Badminton in her genes Her Father encouraged her to pick up the game of Badminton. The 8 yrs old Saina followed a very tough training schedule right since the beginning, and would travel almost 50kms a day for the training. She practised Badminton in Badminton Court of Faculty Club of CCS HAU located in the University itself Further, Saina trained under S.M. Arif, a Dronacharya Award winning Badminton Coach, and now is receiving Coaching at the Pullela Gopichand’s Academy of Badminton at Hyderabad. She is India’s highest-paid non-cricketing sportsperson as on September 2012. National Achievement : Nehwal became the National Junior Champion in the year 2004, and won the title again in the year 2005. She was a runner up in the National Senior Championship 2005, and won the title in the year 2006, repeating the victory in the year 2007 again. Apart from these, she has won the All India Jr. Ranking Tournaments of the year 2005 held at Chennai, Cochin, Bangalore and Pune. She further won the All India Senior Ranking Tournament 2005 held at Mumbai, and also emerged as the winner at the National Games held at Guwahati. In 2006, Saina appeared on the global scene when she became the first Indian woman to win a 4-star tournament, the Philippines Open.[16] The same year Saina was also the runner up at the 2006 BWF World Junior Championships, She did one better in the 2008 by becoming the first Indian to win the World Junior Badminton Championships Saina is on the par with the likes of Prakash Padukone and her mentor Pullela Gopichand who both won the all England championships which are of similar status to the super series. In August 2009 she reached the quarterfinals of world championship losing to the second seed Lin Wang. Saina Nehwal was rewarded with Arjuna awardin August, 2009 and her coach Gopichand was also rewarded with Dronacharya award at the same time. International Badminton : Saina made her International Debut in the year 2003 at the India Satellite tournament where she reached the top-16 round. The same year, she won the Junior Czech Open tournament. Further, she reached the Quarter Final at the Cheers Asian Satellite tournament 2004 held at Singapore. She got her first International success at the India Satellite tournament 2005 where she emerged as the winner of the tournament. After this, she also claimed the Bingo Bonanza Philippines Open title in the year 2006, and the India Satellite tournament 2006. She played at the All England Open 2007, and reached the Pre-Quarter Final round where she lost to World No. 3 player from China. She also reached the Quarter Final rounds at the Macau Open tournament 2007 and the Dutch Open tournament 2007. In the year 2008, Saina won the Chinese Taipei Grand Prix Gold tournament, and reached the Semi Final round of the LI NING China Masters Super Series tournament also. The same year, she created a history in the sport when she became the First Indian Woman ever to reach the Quarter Final round of the Badminton event at the Olympic Games. At the Beijing Olympic Games 2008, Later on, She became the first Indian to win a medal in Badminton at the Olympics. She is the first Indian to win the World Junior Badminton Championships and was also the first Indian to win a Super Series tournament, by clinching the Indonesia Open with a victory over higher-ranked ChineseWang Lin in Jakarta on 21 June 2009. Saina won her second career Super Series title by winning the Singapore Open title on 20 June 2010. She completed a hat-trick in the same year by winning the Indonesian Openon 27 June 2010. This win resulted in her rise to 3rd ranking and subsequently to No. 2. Saina Nehwal won 2010 Commonwealth games gold in the women’s singles badminton event held in Delhi, on 14 October 2010.Later in the same year she also won Hong Kong Super Series on 12 December 2010. After experiencing a poor 2011 season, On 17 June 2012 she successfully reclaimed the Indonesian championship by beating China. It is her third Indonesian open title, having won it twice before in 2009 and 2010. Saina became the first Indian singles player to reach the summit stage of year-ending Super Series Finals defeating two-time All England champion and former World No. 1 Tine Baun in the semi-finals, a feat she repeated in the quarterfinals in the London Olympics 2012 . Though she lost in the semi-finals of London Olympics 2012 to Wang Yihan, she created history as she became the first Indian ever to win an Olympic medal in badminton. On 21 October 2012 she became the second Indian to win the Denmark open by defeating Juliane Schenk of Germany. There were many Indian supporters in the crowd which loudly cheered her each and every point. She acknowledged their support by throwing two badminton rackets at them after her win. She thanked God and her fans for the win. This was her fourth title of the year. This second Super Series Premier title fetched her USD 30,000 from a total purse of USD 400,000. The victory was sweet revenge for Saina who had lost in straight games to Schenk the previous year.[24][25] Cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar presented a brand new BMW car to Saina Nehwal gifted by Andhra Badminton Association for winning a bronze medal at the London Olympics 2012.[26] HONOURS AND TITLES : Saina was named â€Å"The Most Promising Player† in 2008. Badminton champion Saina Nehwal was conferred with the prestigious Arjuna award for sporting excellence, in the year 2009 following her success at winning the Indonesian Open Super series title. The Arjuna award was handed over to Saina by the President of India, Pratibha Patil at the presidential palace in New Delhi. The Arjuna awardee is given a statuette, a scroll of honour, ceremonial dress and a cash award of Rs. 5 lakhs. Saina Nehwal won the prestigious Padma Shri award in Jan-2010 barely 4 months after receiving the Arjuna award in 2009. The award carries a medal, a scroll of honour and a cash prize of Rs. 5.00 lakhs. Saina was awarded with Padma Shri award in January 2010. Saina was also awarded the highest national sporting award given to a player, The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award on 29 August 2010. The Khel Ratna award consists of a bronze statuette, citation and cash prize of Rs.7.5 laks for the award winner, and is handed over to the sportsperson by the President of India. [22] Saina is the brand ambassador of Deccan Chargers, an Indian Premier League team owned by Deccan Chronicle. She has also become one of the 8 brand ambassadors of 2010 Commonwealth Games held on New Delhi India.

buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay

buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain that affects the actions, thoughts and perception of a person towards the universe. People with schizophrenia have a changed reality perception. There is normally a huge loss of contact with realism. In most cases, they see and hear things that actually do not exist. Their speech is confusing, strange and they normally have a feeling that the other people around them are endeavoring to harm them. They may also have a feeling that other people are constantly watching them. With such an obscure line between the imaginary and realism, Schizophrenia makes it tricky and even worse, frightening for the patient while negotiating the day to day life activities (Bell et al. 2007). In response to such threats as they see them, schizophrenia patients tend to withdraw from the external world or may be act out in fear and confusion. Schizophrenia affects both women and men equally. It takes place at same rates in all racial groups around the universe. The symptoms that normally begin between the sixteen and thirty years are delusions and hallucinations. Symptoms in men tend to show up a little earlier than in their female counterparts. In most cases, it is not easy to get schizophrenia casualties over the age of 45. Schizophrenia hardly takes place in children although there is an increasing alertness of childhood-onset schizophrenia (Masi et al., 2006). Diagnosing schizophrenia amongst teens can be difficult. This so because the initial signs come along with a change of friends, problems of sleeping, irritability and drop in academic performance. Diagnosis is thus difficult because these behaviors are a common occurrence amongst teens. An amalgamation of factors can be used to determine schizophrenia amongst teens at the verge of developing the disorder. Such factors include withdrawal from other people and sol itude, an increased abnormal thinking and suspicions and the psychosis history of a family. Schizophrenia Symptoms Schizophrenia symptoms fall into three broad classifications: negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms and positive symptoms. Well, this study narrows its research into the positive symptoms and seeks to establish how assessment of these symptoms can effectively be assessed and the most efficacious skills that a therapist can apply to assist in response to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia Positive symptoms are the psychotic behaviors that are not noticeable with healthy people. People having positive symptoms would in most cases lose touch with the reality that goes around the immediate environment (Warner, 2009). These symptoms are not persistent in a continuous manner. They may appear and disappear. On some occasions, they are severe while they may become hard to notice at other times. However, this depends on whether the person is getting treatment or not. Therefore, successful evaluation and treatment calls for a proper understanding of the condition before the most amicable therapeutic skills can be applied. Generally, positive symptoms of schizophrenia include the following. Hallucinations Hallucinations are the things that an individual sees, smells, feels or hears that cannot be sense through either of these senses. The most common hallucinations in schizophrenia are voices which other people cannot hear. These voices may talk to the individual concerning behavior, orderliness in the person or danger that is looming in the persons life. At times these voices can talk to each other. The problem may persist for a long time before it can be noticeable to friends and families. Hallucinations could also involve seeing objects and people that do not exist, smelling odors that are undetectable by others. They may also feel such things as invisible fingers pounding on their bodies when they are alone (Zullino et al. 2008). Understanding hallucinations is the first step towards the implementation of any therapeutic action. It is imperative to understand that these are false perceptions and inaccuracies that affect peoples senses and cause them to see, touch and smell things that do not exist. In acute stages of schizophrenia, patients will insist of hearing voices that other people cannot hear. In some cases, non-word sounds, clicks and noises characterize these voices. These experiences act as disturbances in the lives of these individuals. All the same, the descriptions of these perceptions tend to be different (Bottas, 2009). In some occasions, they are encountered as very forceful and seemingly vital thoughts. Occasionally, they appear to emanate from outside the self. They are heard as discussions between other commands, people and insults or compliments being addressed to the person. Dealing with such situations and conditions may require the directives of a professional therapist in order to administer the best treatment process. The voices interchangeably convey conflicting messages. At one point they could be voices of reassurance while on another occasion, they could be threatening (Greig et al., 2007). Understanding these different scenarios would contribute to effective treatment procedure and the provision of the most efficacious assistance to the affected individuals. In most cases, the remarks that are received are not merely addressed to the individual but they appear to show concern on them in an obscure manner. The people who experience this define it like a tape that plays in their mind. Such experiences are so real that many of these affected individuals tend to believe that a broadcasting device has been implanted in their bodies. Some of them end up believing in a paranormal explanation for the peculiar sensation in their lives. When administering treatment or offering any form of assistance, it is important to work on an observable fact. Any form of assistance cannot be founded on guesswork. The therapist must engage on a process founded on facts and a thorough knowledge of the situation that the individual is experiencing (Cannon et al., 2008). The therapist needs to look beyond the outward reactions seen in the individual. The things that the person is experiencing are so real to the individual that they cannot be dismissed and alleged as imaginations. In times of convalescence, the schizophrenia patients manage their voices. Either to dismiss or summon these voices is at the patients disposal. They may chose to cope by ignoring them or handling them as caring supplements of their daily lives. However in times of acute sessions, the hallucinations, normally the same ones repeatedly take control and the person feels powerless and victimized (Zullino et al. 2008). The person feels at the mercy of a foreign company. The patients and the people close to them should recognize these hallucinations as indicators of illness. Discussion concerning their plausibility and objective truth are not important at this stage. The experience is very true and very clear. Therefore, it should be acknowledged as such. The attempts of any therapist efforts of setting the individual straight may amount to resistance, bad feelings and tension. It is however useful to seek clarification that other people do not have a sense of smell, hearing, feeling and seeing of the things the patient is experiencing. This assists to identify it as a unique experience of the patient concerning the acceptance of the experience as a symptom of schizophrenia. This would be useful in letting everyone agree to the inclination that something is taking place (Bottas, 2009). Hallucinations react to any attempt of mitigating stress and an increase of antipsychotic prescription of medicine. Good therapeutic skills would exercise keeping the patient busy. It is a very important endeavor as it offers a kind of distraction that is very useful. The competing stimuli can at times sink the voices. Keeping the patient busy is very important in dealing with hallucinations. Anything that can keep the patient busy without coercion is considered a very useful effort in assisting the patient. The patient should be encouraged to discuss the moment these hallucinations take place and what they discuss with the therapist. This can help in clarifying the kind of stress that appears to bring the patient on (Greig et al., 2007). Again, pointing out to the patient that he or she has some control over these hallucinations can be a very useful strategy while assisting the patient. Habitually, instinctively, the patient has gotten the habit of listening for the voices he or she hears as though it was a passive recipient. There is a lot of effectiveness if the therapist can direct the mind of the patient to different interests and assisting him or her recognize that there is no need to keep waiting for the incoming voices. These are the major techniques through which the patient can develop on their own with time and that need a fair amount of practice. The therapist should engage the individual in a discussion encouraging him or her not to despair. These discussions with the therapist bring on the reassurance that the close friends and family understand their situation. This is a very important aspect that can assist the patient to overcome these challenges. The constant talk concerning hallucinations can be inf uriating. However, it is clear that the patient is already occupied with such bizarre events. Chronic hallucinations should be accepted as a part of the daily life. However, they are not normally sufficient reason to justify the participation in household duties and in other activities (Bottas, 2009). Delusions Delusions are another positive symptom of schizophrenia. These are false beliefs that are ideally not a part of the individuals culture and that remain the same. They do not change at all. The individual believes in these delusions even after other people have proved to them that the beliefs are illogical and unsubstantiated. Individuals with schizophrenia can experience delusions that appear problematic. This ma include a belief that neighbors can manage their behavior with waves of magnetism. Moreover, these individuals may also believe that individuals on television are making reference to them as they talk and make presentations (Warner, 2009). They may also allege that radio stations are giving out news aloud to other people in accordance to their individual thoughts. Some times, the patients believe that they are not themselves but other different individuals from those they were from the beginning. They may see themselves as famous figures in history. At times, they may show paranoid delusions and may often believe that the other people are committed to harming them through harassment, cheating, spying on them, poisoning them or even planning harm against them or the people who under their care. These are commonly referred to as persecution delusions. The therapist is also in a tricky position because he or she must remove the predisposition of the patient to such paranoid experiences towards the people in the surrounding (Zullino et al. 2008). The therapist ought to be in a position to analyze these misinterpretations and false beliefs. The significance of these false beliefs is very important otherwise they could be very consequential. For example, an individual could accidentally be bumped in the passageway and quickly come to a conclusion that it is a plot by the government for him or her to get harassed. He could be alerted by noise from an adjacent apartment at night and may ultimately decide that it was an intentional attempt by the neighbors to interfere with his or her sleep. Every person seems to misinterpret and personalize events and more in particular during stressing moments or fatigue. However, what is characteristic of the schizophrenia and more particularly during an acute session is the predisposition to this conviction and the varying explanations for the experiences as not even valued (Greig et al., 2007). Normally, attempts at discussion or reasoning concerning other possible meanings of the bumping scenario or the noise from the neighborhood can again amount to another conviction that the therapist must be in the plan also. The therapist is therefore left in a tricky position in handling such an issue. It is very imperative for the therapist not to directly tackle the convictions of the patient. Addressing these issues directly would pile on the situation and may not amount to any amicable solution. Making an argument with a delusion will only amount to more anger and extended mistrust. It would therefore be unwise for any therapist to engage in such a process. The beliefs are held tenaciously against each and every reason and they are typically beliefs that are not shared (Cannon et al., 2008). They are held only by the patient. The direct indulgence and inclusion of another person in the matter including the therapist would amount to a disastrous moment. Friends and families should initially realize that delusions are occasioned by illness. It would be very wrong for the therapist, friend and even the family members to assume that the person is being stubborn or acting in a stupid way. Instead, the close associates together with the therapist should take note of these delusions and analyze them in an effort of establishing the condition in the individual. Any effort made to assist the individual should not directly hit or react to the issues that the patient is presenting otherwise the process would be detrimental. The adamant delusions of the patient could be irritating. However, this is not a reason enough to react emotionally towards the delusions. Taunting and threatening the patient will also not be useful at this stage (Cannon et al., 2008). It will only add on to the danger. Assisting the patient will therefore require a disregard of any form of reaction towards the patient. While making an effort to assist the patient, the skills of the therapist must demonstrate discretion. This is because there is always something concerning the delusional belief that people can empathize with. For example, getting bumped in passageways can be annoying. It must make someone feel as if nobody cares and no one is attentive to your importance to be offered an apology or be excused. Presumably, the conviction that an individual is at the core of a plot by the government should derive at least in some way from any fear that an individual is actually very irrelevant or lacking in value. Moreover, to be alerted from sleep during the night is a lousy experience. It is very hard to resume sleep. It takes away all strength. It may create a feeling that those in the neighborhood are not friendly. However, a normal personal must make an effort to stay healthy and strong. Such kind of reasoning could be useful in persuading an individual to look out for medical attention and/or in crease in the persons prescription of medicine in order to help them become strong and strongly fend off any annoyances made by other people. This is a better approach other than telling the person that he or she is deluded and that it was better if he or she went to see a psychiatrist (Chwastiak and Tek, 2009). Delusions make a person very slippery in dealing with him or her. Therefore, it would be important to reduce the stimuli that amount to the formation of delusion. If crowded passageways prompt experiences that amount to ideas of persecution, then the therapist should work on to help the individual avoid them. This includes any other thing that prompts persecution ideas while there are other alternatives. It is important that the individual is assisted to make use of these other alternatives available instead of directly confronting the situation. The emergence of ideas which are delusional whether grandiose or persecutory normally implies that there is a lot emotion and activity. This may even be the fact that there a lot of people within the environs (Warner, 2009). Take an example where a schizophrenia patient says, I think I am the President. A reaction that would be considered unhelpful to this remark would be, That is absolutely absurd. You are mad. On the contrary, a helpful reaction to that remark would be, You must be feeling very special and somehow different this day. Could be it is all the fuss around this place. Let us try a relatively low core routine for the next two days. When while on medication an individual keeps on making reference to left over delusions, a very useful reaction to that would be, That is how you view things. I have explicated that I do not agreewe have to concur to differ. This accepts the perception of the patient although stops meaningless discussion. Thought Disorders These are abnormal or dysfunctional thinking modes (Huang et al., 2007). One of these forms of disorder in thinking is commonly referred to as disorganized thinking. In such a case, the patient gets trouble while organizing thoughts and endeavors to arrange them in a logical order. They could talk in a way that is garbled making it hard for the listener to comprehend. Though blocking is also another form of thought disorder. It occurs when an individual can stop speaking all of a sudden amidst a thought. When the individual is asked the reason why he or she halted the speech, he or she may allege that the thought was removed from the head. Ultimately, the individual with a disorder in thinking could make up inane words in what many people could say that the person is talking nonsense (Dixon et al., 2010). Talking nonsense normally takes place when the individual is in the active stage of schizophrenia. However, it can emerge again when the medications on the person are very low or the patient is in a high stress condition. What the individual says can no longer be understood by the people around. The reason is that the sentences are not well connected in a logical sequence in a manner that brings out sense. Again, it could be due to the reason that there is no point in the stories that the patient tells. The person may also end up talking nonsense as a result of a high frequency in switching of topics taking place in the mind (Warner, 2009). Words could take on very special implications in schizophrenia either due to the way they trigger private connections or due to the attention that is paid to personal sounds instead of the whole words. For example, a word like psychiatry may sound like sigh Kaya tree and the topic could instantly change from a discussion on issues of psychiatry to one that discusses mystical trees. Particular words could be shunned since they sound evil or may be harsh. In other occasions, intonations are modified due to the same reasons. On a different occasion, the language is utilized as an invocation to fend off any kind of threat. The difficulty that is experienced in making sense to other people is a sign of the acute stage of schizophrenia. It is almost difficult to converse with schizophrenia patients when they are at this stage and it can indeed be exasperating to the family members (Kneisl and Trigoboff, 2009). In an effort of assisting the patient, non-verbal communication can play a very significant role. Communication by way of writing can be very useful. Thoughts tend to come out in a logical manner if they are put in writing. The therapist, be it a friend, a family member or any other person must apply this skill with the seriousness that it deserves. It is not necessary for the therapist to forcefully listen and try to comprehend. This will certainly amount to irritation and headache. When communicating with other people, the therapist should however not speak as though the patient was not present. It would not be a wise idea to mimic or tease the patient. Many people make use of one section of the brain for any matter to do with language and the other section for movement or music or art. If the section meant for the language is disturbed, it could be a wise decision to pay attention on the other section and encourage the patient to either play an instrument, draw, dance, sing or exe rcise. These are very useful communication methods that can help the patient very much. Just like other positive symptoms of schizophrenia, the disturbbances in thinking react to stress reduction and an increased antipsychotic medication. Preoccupations Preoccupations are ideas that are fixed. They may not necessarily be false like is the case with delusions. However, preoccupations are normally given a lot of value. The patient shows an extraordinary regard and importance to these ideas. They normally consume an inordinate amount of time while thinking about them. These ideas normally recur in the life of the patient. Typically, there is a continued growth in the patients worry. The worry is so involving until it ends up being unrealistic. A very common order of events is for the worry to consume a lot of time for the individual at the expense of doing the right thing. The fact that the right thing has not been done is linked to the ill motive of other people. The patient may also rationalize the failure to do what was right as the wish of God. Alternatively, the patient may state that he or she is not in a fit position physically to tackle the task (Pharoah et al., 2010). For instance, the patient may state a very unrealistic explanation that they cannot get up because they are paralyzed. Amazingly, they may allege that they cannot get out of the bed because it is the day of the Lord. Other irritating predispositions are such as, If I get up, I will feel bad. These forms of explanations are very odd and funny claims to many people but to the patient, they are apparently acceptable. They do not seem to understand the reason other people regard their predispositions as excuses. The schizophrenia patients define the facts in a better way than any other form of explanation. The therapist should be careful when handling such a situation. These preoccupations sometimes have a character that is perplexing to them. They appear to be demanding a need for decoding and puzzling them out. It is therefore important not to personalize any irritation that comes from the patient (Nordgaard et al., 2008). The schizophrenia patient uses a lot of time in such a kind of perplexing activity and that is the reason why they think they have tackled many mysteries that other people have not because they did not spent any time at it. When the patient is completely lost in thought, distraction is the last thing that they would expect from anyone. This sends a very important message to anyone who is willing to assist the patient. Intervening at such a point would produce disastrous results rather than useful efforts. The patients at that moment feel that they have important assignments to do. They will therefore not accept any conversation offer or any sharing of activities at such moments. Preoccupations are normally seen in the active stage of schizophrenia although could persist into the convalescent phase (Warner, 2009). They could be in form of daydreams. Even though it would not be wise to interfere with the schizophrenic at that moment, it should not be used as an excuse to let the preoccupations control the patients life including the people that are in the neighborhood. Distraction can be helpful but in an indirect manner as the therapist comes up with a daily structure or routine that does not allow a lot of time for thinking and sitting. The life necessities like food, fresh air, sleep, health, hygiene, exercise and social interactions should be maintained all through. Preoccupations should not be allowed to sidetrack the life of the patient. Increased medication could be needed at such an instance. SecondaryPositive Symptoms of Schizophrenia These secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia may refer to those positive symptoms that are in essence not positive symptoms of schizophrenia but which occur along the main positive symptoms of schizophrenia. They may exist in the combination of some or all of the positive symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, thought disorder and preoccupations (Warner, 2009). They too have a huge impact in the life of the patient and the family members and therefore should be addressed in an effort of helping the patient. Violent and/or Aggressiveness Violence and/or aggressive behavior are not indeed symptoms of Schizophrenia but when they take place, they do so in line with delusions, jumbled thoughts, hallucinations and delusions. These may also be prompted through stress and subsides in the event of using antipsychotic medication appropriately in the correct amounts. Violent behavior is in most cases frequent signs that have ideally nothing in particular related to schizophrenia. All the same, schizophrenics could also experience the same. This symptom counts in schizophrenia because the disease frightens families and patients and leads to much worry and dread. It is mainly noticeable in young men and can be precipitated through chemical and psychological stimulants. Violence against other people can be said to be as a result of the misinterpretation by the patient concerning the reason and consequent feeling of being isolated. An individual in the acute phase of schizophrenia may not be in a position to overstate the misread and irritation of other people as vehemence. The patient may however see derision in what is regarded as a joke. The patient senses himself in a looming danger when he actually is not and may even strike out in such situations. Violence against the individuals self is very common and can be classified under depression. In an effort to prevent this violence in a schizophrenic, it would be prudent to avoid ridicule, mockery, insult, blame or any form of confrontation (Chwastiak and Tek, 2009). The schizophrenic should be permitted to psychological distance and relative privacy. If violence comes up, it is not wise however to allow it to intimidate others. There is no defined way to handle such violence. The therapists discretion is needed in such an occasion. Important measures should be employed while ensuring the safety all people including the patient. This could require determination and assistances from neighbors and friends. It could require calling for the police if need be. The therapist must know if he or she was not around the scene. The patient through the therapists directives should be assisted to acquire self-control. Moreover, it is always important to keep an updated list of resources that could be useful in the community. This is important as the patient through experience would respond very well to specific neighbors and friends when he or she is distressed, potentially violent and frightened. These neighbors and friends could thus be useful and should be called upon in the event the violent behavior erupts. Anticipating such friends and being ready with an effective action plan would be a very good way of helping the patient and the community at large. Even though violence is a rare occurrence in schizophrenia, it may be a noticeable factor with some patients. If that is the case, it is important to discuss suitable living arrangements and preventive measures as anticipated with the guidance of the therapist (Muller-Vahl and Emrich, 2008). Movement Disorders/Restlessness Movement disorders may emerge as body movements that are agitated. An individual having a disorder of movement repeats particular motions repeatedly. To the other extreme side of it, the patient may end up being catatonic. A catatonic person will hardly move and may not even respond to other people. Well, it may not be a common symptom but it existed when there was no treatment of schizophrenia. Anxiety, agitation, tension and restlessness all refer to more or less the same thing. However, these can be categorized as secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia as they appear in connection to the main positive symptoms. They are normally occasioned by apprehension and fear as a way of reacting to frightening elements of delusions and hallucinations as well (Warner, 2009). If this is the case, calm and quiet reassurance is required. The patients who exhibit nervousness need somebody to offer stability and explanation. In the same manner, a schizophrenic would need this attention in or der to reduce stress. Medication could also be useful in dealing with anxiety. Restlessness that starts after the patient has begun medication could be a side effect of the drugs (Cullen et al., 2008). If the patient experiences persistent body tremors, reference to the doctor may be important for the purposes of changing the drugs if need be or add another medicine to counteract the effect caused by the initial ones. The patient should not be given stimulants on this occasion. These include tea, cola drinks, cold tablets, coffee and chocolate as they worsen the situation. Sedative medication can be useful although it must only be applied under the doctors prescription. Understanding at this level is very much needed. It is not wise to criticize the patient. It would be useful to accompany the patient in walking, jogging and riding among other activities. Conclusion This research paper has dealt with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia highlighting on their probable cause, nature and treatment. The positive symptoms of schizophrenia can be harmful if the necessary clinical measures are not applied to assist the client. In most cases, it has been found that the schizophrenic situation cannot be confronted directly. A lot of discretion is needed by the therapist and the close associates when dealing with hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders and preoccupations in the lives of schizophrenic patients. It has also been found that there are other symptoms that are actually not positive symptoms but come in conjunction with a part or all of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The research paper has highlighted these symptoms as secondary positive symptoms of schizophrenia as their presence in the life of the patient can be very consequential if not addressed. Therefore, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia can easily be managed and cont rolled to assist the patient with the implementation of the effective and appropriate therapeutic skills. Buy custom Dealing with Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia essay

In French, Its Poser une Question Not Demander

In French, It's 'Poser une Question' Not 'Demander' Mistakes will always be made in French, and now you can learn from them. In English, one has  the option of saying either ask a question or pose a question. But in French, demander  cant be used with the word  question,  even though  demander  means to ask.  Poser une question  is the  best  way.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Il ma demandà © pourquoi.He asked me why.   Ã‚  Puis-je te poser une question  ?Can I ask you a question?   Ã‚  Vous pouvez poser des questions aprà ¨s la prà ©sentation.You can ask questions after the presentation. There are other, less frequently used ways, as well, to ask a question in French, including  adresser une question ( quelquun)  and  formuler une question. Its the way the language has evolved and how its been formalized. Thats how  to ask a question has been taught in French schools and how people normally express it.   Demander  is tricky in other ways, too. This regular French -er verb is also a  faux ami. It resembles the English word demand, but it has nothing to do with this rather strident action. Rather, it is the most common  French verb for the milder to ask, and it can be used to ask for something, like a favor.   Ã‚  Il ma demandà © de chercher son pull. He asked me to look for his sweater. Demander quelque chose quelquun  means to ask someone for something. Note that in French there is no for or other preposition in front of the thing being requested. But there is a preposition in front of the person being asked:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je vais demander un stylo Michel.Im going to ask Michel for a pen. When you want to express that someone demand something, such as a new law, turn to the stronger French verb exiger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il a exigà © que je cherche son pull.  Ã‚  He demanded that I look for his pullover. As for the French verb poser,  in addition to being used for asking a question, it also means to put down.   Ã‚  Il a posà © son livre sur la table.He put his book on the table.

Internship at children national centerye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internship at children national centerye - Essay Example Both homozygous and heterozygous patients can pass their genes onto their children. Sickle cell carriers typically undergo some type of genetic counseling prior to childbearing (Armandola, 2002). Hg SC multiple admitted to the hospital, salmonella sepsis and L humerusosteomyelitis, priapism x1 is pain that can last hour to some days (Kahan et.al. 2009)., post tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, use BiPap at night and chronic lungs disease related to sickle cell anemia. After observing the patient, he showed symptoms of priapism, chronic pain and heavyfluid consumption; both on the IV and through normal drinking. He also had heavy urine output. I also focused on how the pain was managed along with the treatment procedure. With further information obtained from the patient’s chart and past medical history in it, I learnt what type of Sickle Cell he has and the medication that he’s on. The key information on patient reports included his diagnosis, the order of medication and the frequency of how the medication was administered. It also indicated any allergies that the patient may have. This information can be obtained electronically on the Kardex that the hospital uses. My preceptor pointed out the importance of safe dosage of medication per the patient. This is known as medication calculation and it is very important to all patients but it is more critical for children and elderly patients. He also pointed out the importances of knowing when to use SBAR. This is because it increases patient safety by avoiding communication breakdowns between caregiver and the patient (Joint commission resources, 2007) What I have learnt in the school enabled me to make proper assessment of my patient. I learnt the importance of communication, understanding the prescribed medication and how to administer medication by using the‘6 rights Rule’ in administering the medicine. The 6 rights rules means, right patient, right route, right medication, right dose, right time and

Read instructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Read instructions - Essay Example Through caste system, everybody who is born in the society knows what is expected of him or her and this in turn ensures distribution of human capital in all important professions. There are 4 major castes, namely Brahmans, Kshatriyaas, Vaishayas, and Shudras. These castes included religious scholars, rulers and soldiers, farmers and traders, and common unskilled workers respectively (Jaffrelot, 174). The purpose of each caste was fixed and, therefore, a proper balance of all professionals existed in the society. This is one of the major advantages of caste system. Caste system also ends power struggle and violence in the society as everyone is aware of his or her job. No farmer or trader will have an ambition to become a soldier or ruler, and no similarly religious scholar will want to become rule. This puts an end to power struggle in the society and decreases violence related to power to a certain extent. Disregarding the demerits of caste system on individuals, one of its main advantages of caste system is that it creates a society where there is political stability. This can be termed, in a way, as an advantage of the caste system. The caste system has many disadvantages for common man. There is no chance for social mobility in a society with caste system and this can create significant disparity between rich and poor. A poor and socially downgraded person will never have a chance to improve the situation of his or her family. There is monotony in the lives of people who live under a caste system and this monotony is not easy to get rid of. A person has to live all his life with the label with which he was born. There is no chance to break away from the identity one is given at the time of birth. Another disadvantage of caste system is that it destroys principles of merit and skill. The intellectual ability of a person is determined from the caste in which he or she is born, and not by characteristics of his

Pierre-Auguste Renoir called Dance at Bougival Essay

Pierre-Auguste Renoir called Dance at Bougival - Essay Example The essay "Pierre-Auguste Renoir called Dance at Bougival" discovers the artwork of Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Renoir paints them in such a way as to allow us a glimpse of the emotions that they could be feeling at the time. Everything and everyone in that painting is treated as a back drop to the dancing couple as was the case with many of his paintings at this period of time. This treatment of the other people as background increases the draw of the two central characters, which Renoir has drawn with garments and head gear that immediately separates them from the rest of the painting.This separation is achieved by the use of bright primary colors for the head gear with the lady wearing a red, wide brimmed hat and the gentleman’s face being obscured by a yellow hat with a thinner brim. The use of opposite colors, black for the man and white or off white for the woman, also draws attention to the contrast. The feeling is received by the viewer that all arts have been used in order to ensure that the viewer is immediately drawn into the picture towards the two principal subjects. The setting of the picture in an area that is surrounded by greenery and plants and the use of almost smudged color, such as that which was typically seen in his Impressionist paintings, makes the starkness of the lady’s face even more arresting. The obscuring of the man’s face also ensures that the dancing woman is the principal focus of the picture over all else. The softening of all lines apart from those on the two characters.... This artwork can be classified as a realistic piece of art since the figures that are painted are true to the real characters, but there is still a strong element of Impressionism in the painting. This is particularly noticeable in the use of color in the artwork even though he had acquired inspiration from visitng other areas of the world which altered his style of art from the purely Impressionist. This artwork was painted at a point in time where Renoir had moved a way from the Impressionist movement that he started along with Monet and Sisley. This is where he began to focus more on the central character, in this case two central figures, as in a portrait. This artwork was completed along with two other paintings and this group became known as the dancing series. This painting was set in the least formal setting of the three, adding a feeling of relaxation and enjoyment to the painting. This artwork was intended purely to bring joy and beauty to the world since it has no overt religious or political significance. It is appears to be purely the artist's representation of the two figures that he is watching as they are dancing. This was painted after Renoir returned from a trip abroad that is believed to have altered his style of art and his representation of his subject matter. The painting was produced in 1883 at a point in his career where he was attempting to make a break from the rules that had been imposed on the Impressionist artists. He then began embracing more obvious lines that brought the focus of the viewer more strongly to the principal subject matter. The actual coloring of the painting was also designed to show a greater contrast between the principal subject matter and what was viewed as the backdrop to

Human Rights and Development Essay Example for Free

Human Rights and Development Essay Introduction The endless efforts by human beings in formulating perception to respect human dignity resulted the human rights discourse and so was case of development. The inherent intensity of searching ‘better’ for human being to respect the human dignity paves the way for new development concept by integrating human rights norms into development, and thereby making a paradigm shift from other development models. The transition from focusing on material to focusing on human in development reflects the deepening of people understanding about the relations between human rights and development. However, armed conflicts within and beyond the national boundaries have been seriously violating human rights and hampering development process. War around the globe had and still has the same result. People around the globe are reshuffling their thinking on development models to ensure human rights thereby getting a peaceful environment free from war and conflicts. The aim of this paper is to explore the negative relation, if any, between armed conflicts, war and human rights and development assuming as a development model. Linking human rights with development as a development model Human rights are those rights without which a human being cannot live as human being. These rights are indispensable and inviolable, no one is supposed to take away these rights from any individual or groups. These rights are so basic and fundamental that any man or woman gets that from his or her birth and which are founded on human dignity. On the other hand, Development has now become an inter-disciplinary subject or it can be attributed to different political or ideological viewpoints. Development is as much a prerogative of nations as of individuals within nations. Development as comprehensively would be meant†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free, and meaningful participation in development and in fair distribution of benefits resulting therefrom.† Human rights and development an integrated approach of development as comparatively a new development model generally known as ‘Rights based approach’. â€Å"A rights-based approach is a conceptual framework for the process of human development that is normatively based on international human rights standards and operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights. The right-based approach integrates the norms, standards and principles of international human rights system into the plans, policies and processes of development.† Linking human rights with peace as antithesis of conflicts and war Journey towards protecting rights of the people and ensuring peace in this globe had an immemorial history. It was so strongly perceived and advocated from the World War I and during and after World War II, which resulted the concept of human rights as it understood today. Perhaps, it was President Wilson of U.S.A. who advocated for rights of the minority as global protection at Peace Conference in Versailles (1919). During World War II world had witnessed the massive violation of human rights and denial of peace. Consequently, international legal and political leaders committed to show respect human rights and to stop wars and conflicts which paved the way for establishing UN as global organization. â€Å"We the peoples of the United Nations determined†¦to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold sorrow to mankind.† Human beings are in position from where they want to respect the dignity and to avoid the barbarous acts of conflicts and wars by proper understanding and realizing these rights. â€Å"whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind.† But after acknowledging the human rights and making commitments through UN, does the world avoid conflicts and war that violate human rights. The answer would certainly be negative though there was no world war since 1946 to onwards. But the world is witnessed of massive human rights violation in Sudan, Congo, Ruanda, Iraq, Afghanistan and different parts of the world. These in the long run violate the human rights. War, conflicts external or internal and unrest are threat to peace and security everywhere which are the conditions precedent for realizing human rights. Thus, war is the antithesis of human rights and vice- versa. â€Å"It is widely believed that the denial of human rights is not only an individual and personal tragedy as it also creates conditions of social and political unrest, sowing the seeds of violence and conflict within and between the societies and nations.† Thus, there is a close relation in observance of human rights and maintenance of peace or vice versa. The Declaration of Principle of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among the states in Accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, which was adopted by the UNGA in resolution 2625(XXV) of 24 October 1970, that postulates â€Å"maintaining and strengthening international peace founded upon freedom, justice and respect for human rights.† Respect, promotion and protection of human rights helps to reduce the conflicts, internal or external and thereby avoiding the war, because by respecting fundamental human rights no civilized nations can support and go for war. Linking development with peace as antithesis of conflicts and war In the context of 21st century, the concept of development has been drastically changed. Now development is perceived in much broader sense than that of previous. Notion of development equating with commodity or economic growth has been changed and now development is perceived as human development, meaning â€Å"the process of enlarging people’s choices.† Thus, there is a close relation between development and peace. An underdeveloped environment is not generally accepted that peace shall be prevailing. For this, to establish such environment, commitments are reflected in UN charter establishing conditions under which justice, respect to international law, to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, ensuring economic and social development for all would be prevailed. Peaceful environment is very much conducive for development and vice versa, Almost 20 years after the cold war our world is becoming less safe, industrialized countries are facing human insecurity by terrorism. Conflicts by internal groups are also visible in different developing and least developing countries. The world both developed and under-developed is suffering the common problem of insecurity which exposed by among the reasons †¦deprivation, violation of human rights and less development approach by the rulers. Insecurity linked to armed conflict remains one of the greatest obstacles to realize human rights and development. â€Å"Every civilian death linked to conflict is a violation of human rights.† The human security which is the essence of human rights and development has got larger attention across the globe in this era of globalization. The state centric security now turns into the human centric security. Promotion of security helps to ensure the development as well as human rights, and insecurity expose to unrest and under-development and massive violation of human rights. â€Å"Humanity cannot enjoy security without development or development without security, and neither without respect for human rights.† Human being can achieve complete fulfillment of its aspirations only within the just social order. For the stable, peaceful, non-violent environment are preconditions which are more often disturbed by the war and conflicts. â€Å"†¦international peace and security on the one hand, and social progress and economic development on the other, are closely interdependent and influence each other.† Furthermore, there is very close relationship between disarmament which exposes peace as well as development and also prevents armed conflicts and war. â€Å"†¦ [T]here is a close relationship between disarmament and development and that progress in the field of disarmament would considerably promote progress in the field of development.† The costs of wars and conflicts often are not clear to the world community, it just not the violating human rights at once but making many human persons disables for the long time which is contrary to the concept of development. â€Å"Violent conflicts claims lives not just through bullets but through the erosion of human security more broadly.† Armed conflicts and wars all over the world displaced many people which is ultimately a violation of human rights and also a serious impediment of development. â€Å"About 25 million people are internally displaced because of conflicts or human rights violations.† However, some developed nations go for war for resources but ultimately their development doesn’t become as sustainable one. Their internal development get interrupted by drugs, alcoholism, joblessness, economic unrest thereby produce instability, recent USA’s movement of ‘we are 99%’ the occupier of world street and UK’s unrest are glaring examples of non-sustainability of their development. Conclusion Human rights and development share some commonalities, for that reason they have justification to be applied in practical field which can be a very pragmatic way to solve problems that we are facing today. Thus, in the light of above discussion, it shall not be less than just to claim that, human rights and development both are the antithesis of armed conflicts and war, and vice-versa. The promotion and protection of formers discourages the latter, and happening of the latter severely violates and hampers the former. Thus, human rights and development are the contradictory to war and the war, armed conflicts are also opposite to the promotion and protection of human rights, and realization sustainable development. In this same point, the both human rights and development could used as to prevent armed conflicts and war. â€Å"In turn without development, long term enjoyment of human rights and development will prove illusory and war, of course is the antithesis of both.† [ 2 ]. The author completed LL.B. LL.M. from University of Dhaka. And currently serving as Lecturer, Department of Law. Green University of Bangladesh. [ 3 ]. Preamble, Para-2, Declaration on the Right to Development, 1986, adopted by UNGA. [ 4 ]. Robinson, Mary, A voice for human rights, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006, p.303. [ 5 ]. Preamble, The UN charter.1945. [ 6 ]. Ibid. [ 7 ]. Bari, Dr.M.Ershadul, Human rights and World peace, The Dhaka University Studies Part-F, Vol.III(1):1-11June 1992,p.2 [ 8 ]. The third preambular paragraph. [ 9 ]. HDR, 1990, UNDP, New York, p. 10. [ 10 ]. Ibid. [ 11 ]. Ibid. [ 12 ]. See for more, Sen, Amartya, Human security now, Commission on human security, New York, 2003, pp. 2- 9. [ 13 ]. Anaan, kofi, Report of the secretary general, UN ,New York,2005,p.6. [ 14 ]. Preamble, Para-6, Declaration on Social Progress and Development,1969,adopted by UNGA. [ 15 ]. Preamble, Declaration on the Right to Development, 1986, adopted by UNGA. [ 16 ]. HDR, 2005, UNDP, New York, p.155. [ 17 ]. Ibid., p.151. [ 18 ]. Annan, Kofi, Official records of the UNGA, forty-seventh session, supplement no-1(A/47/1) para-109.